The use of biopolymers for the synthesis of various nanomaterials is of huge interest to present day nanobiotechnology. A basic, novel, cost effective and green method has been developed for the synthesis of ZnO-NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) utilizing carrageenan as a marine biopolymer. This work suggests the use of green method serving carrageenan as a stabilizing agent during sol-gel process before calcination in high temperatures to generate ZnO-NPs. The produced ZnO–NPs were characterized using various tools such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV–visible (UV– vis) spectroscopy. The ZnO-NPs synthesized at various temperatures displayed spherical structure, its TEM images and particle size distributions exhibited the size of 49 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the successful synthesis of ZnO-NPs with high purity and crystallinity. The UV-visible spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks of ZnO between 368 and 376 nm and FTIR analysis exhibited Zn-O bands around 402 to 448 cm−1. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs could offer potential applications in bio-medical field.
The rise of nanotechnology has brought to the world a new potential and broader perspective of what humanity can achieve through material manipulation at the nanoscale. In the past two decades, ZnO NPs have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles in biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, economic, and low toxicity. Interestingly, the green method of synthesis using plant sources have been found appropriate for the production of ZnO NPs dues to its numerous health, environmental, economic, and medicinal benefits. Due to the large rate of toxic chemicals and extreme environment employed in the physical and chemical production of these nanoparticles, green methods employing the use of plants, fungus, bacteria, and algae have been adopted. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been successfully obtained by green synthesis using different biological substrates. ZnO NPs have emerged a promising potential in biomedicine, especially in the fields of anticancer and antibacterial fields, which are involved with their potent ability to trigger excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, release zinc ions, and induce cell apoptosis. This review summarizes the green synthesis and recent advances of ZnO NPs in the biomedical fields, which will be helpful for facilitating their future research progress and focusing on biomedical fields.
Chitosan is an amino polysaccharide with exciting scientific uses because of its distinct structure and several various functions. High biocompatibility, strong biodegradability, and low toxicity are some of the chitosan's most notable characteristics. Chitosan holds great promise for biomedical uses including targeted delivery of drugs. Therefore, this research suggests tripolyphosphate (TPP)-based ionically cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles. XRD and FTIR analysis methods were used to characterize the acquired samples. The outcomes proved that chitosan nanoparticles have an XRD pattern similar to an amorphous polymer. Additionally, FTIR verified that the nanoparticles included chitosan ammonium groups linked to tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP.
Polysaccharide-based nanomaterials with significant biocompatibility and physiochemical features have been widely analyzed in modern biomedical nanotechnology. Chitosan-coating is an advantageous procedure to provide several pharmacological characteristics of chitosan on the reinforcement. Here, we fabricated polysaccharide nanocomposites using the facile ionic gelation method and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linker. The polysaccharide nanocomposites comprised natural cellulose and chitosan as reinforcement and coating agents, respectively. From the image of the scanning electron microscope, the nanocomposites indicated almost spherical dimensions with sizes below 60 nm. Results from X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed multifunctional properties of the nanocomposites related to both cellulose and chitosan. Therefore, the ionic gelation method is potentially appropriate to synthesize the polysaccharide nanocomposites for medically-related applications.
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