The objective of this study was to evaluate residual feed intake (RFI), residual intake and body weight gain (RIG) and their relationship with other traits of efficiency, performance, and economic analysis of sheep. Lambs (n = 102) were evaluated during 56 days and a herd consisting of 500 ewes was simulated with the mean of dry matter intake (DMI) and final body weight of the lambs, the same as that of the experimental lambs. The lambs were fed hay-based diet of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.), corn, and soybean in the voluminous:concentrate ratio of 35:65. Residual feed intake and RIG were correlated with DMI, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency. Residual intake and body weight gain were positively correlated with average daily gain, relative growth rate, and Kleiber's rate. The most efficient production systems (lower RFI and higher RIG) had lower costs and higher profit margins. The net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were higher in systems with more efficient lambs. In systems with less efficient lambs, NPV and IRR were negative and lower, respectively. Efficient animals for RFI and RIG showed satisfactory performance and better economic results.
RESUMOAvaliou-se o efeito de dietas distintas sobre o comportamento ingestivo (alimentação, ruminação e ócio) em ovinos. Dezesseis carneiros, castrados, confinados em gaiolas de metabolismo, com peso médio de 45,1kg, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos: T1-silagem de cana + concentrado; T2-silagem de cana + concentrado + 15% de caroço de algodão; T3-silagem de cana e T4-feno de Tifton 85. Os animais foram submetidos à observação visual durante 24 horas a intervalos de 10 minutos. Houve diferença entre os tratamentos com relação aos tempos despendidos com alimentação e ócio, sendo que o tratamento com feno de Tifton 85 apresentou os mais altos valores, 6,04 h/dia, para o tempo de alimentação, e os mais baixos valores para o tempo de ócio, 7,50 h/dia. Palavras-chave: ovinos, mastigação merícica, ócio, ruminação ABSTRACT The effects of different diets on the ingestive feeding behavior in wethers (
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of crude glycerin (CG) suplementation in sheep diets during pregnancy and transition period. Twenty-four Lacaune x East Friesian genotypes sheep were randomly assigned to four treatments. Diet was composed of roughage: tifton hay, and standard concentrate for the categories, being these similar among the treatments, whereas the CG differed for the supplements in (zero, 1,5, 3,0 and 4,5% of dry matter) being It added to the animals' drinking water. The sheep received supplementation during all pregnancy and lactation. Dry matter intake during gestation was reduced with the higher supplementation of CG in the animals' drinking water, presenting a linear decreasing response and remaining until delivery. Throughout lactation, the variable presented a linear behavior with the supplementation of CG on the eighteenth day of this phase, after a quadratic behavior was observed until the end of the evaluated period. The β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids levels were not influenced by CG supplementation throughout the gestation period. CG suplementation conveyed in water did not affect negatively milk production and composition. Key words: β-hydroxybutyrate. Byproducts. Glycerol. Sheep. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a influência da suplementação com glicerina bruta (GB) em dietas para ovelhas durante a gestação e período de transição. Foram avaliadas 24 ovelhas com genótipo Lacaune x East Friesian distribuídas de forma inteiramente ao acaso em quatro tratamentos. A dieta foi composta de volumoso: feno de tifton e concentrado padrão para as categorias, sendo estes semelhantes entre os tratamentos já a GB diferenciava quanto às suplementações em (zero; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5% da MS) sendo a mesma adicionada à água de beber dos animais. As ovelhas receberam suplementação ao longo da gestação e lactação. O consumo de matéria seca na gestação foi reduzido com a maior suplementação de GB na água de beber dos animais, apresentando resposta linear decrescente e mantendo-se até o parto. Ao longo da lactação, a variável apresentou comportamento linear decrescente com a suplementação da GB no décimo oitavo dia desta fase, posteriormente apresentando um comportamento quadrático até o fim do período avaliado. O teor de β-hidroxibutirato e ácidos graxos não esterificados não sofreram influência da suplementação com GB ao longo de toda a gestação. A suplementação com GB veiculada à água não afetou negativamente a produção e composição do leite. Palavras-chave: β-hidroxibutirato. Glicerol. Ovinos. Subprodutos.liver injury (GONZÁLEZ; SILVA, 2006). In view of this scenario, CG inserts itself as an energetic supplementation alternative to the end of gestation and the beginning of lactation in sheep. It can be diluted and offered in water as a strategy to reduce dry matter consumption and occupy less physical space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CG supplementation conveyed in water for sheep, and to determine its effects on intake, blood parameters during gestation an...
The objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass and meat characteristics of lambs fed a solution of cheese whey plus water (100 g kg −1 dry matter) (CW) during feedlot and pre-slaughter lairage. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial (place-feedlot and slaughterhouse, food-water or CW). We evaluated the following treatments (feedlot/slaughterhouse): CW/CW, CW/water, water/CW, and control (water/water). The lambs were given a balanced diet for 70 days in the feedlot. Slaughter started 12 h after the animals arrived at the slaughterhouse. Dry matter intake, gain-to-feed ratio, average daily gain, and body weight of lambs fed CW were similar to those of control lambs. The water/CW group consumed less of this solution than the CW/CW group in the slaughterhouse. The CW supplied as a pre-slaughter supplement reduces the drip losses of lamb carcasses provided that the animals also consume it during the feedlot period. The other carcass characteristics (carcass weight, pH, subcutaneous fat thickness, and ribeye area) were similar among treatments. The meat characteristics (color, water holding capacity, cooking losses, and shear force) were similar among treatments. Whey cheese added to water can be used as an ingredient of the diet for lambs and as pre-slaughter supplement, since it does not change performance and improves carcass characteristics.
INTRODUÇÃOThis study aimed to assess the level of welfare in lambs by road transport and their carcasses and meat. Thus, we assessed behavioral parameters during transport, physiological parameters after landing and before slaughter and carcass and meat characteristics of lambs. Four road transports were achieved with increasing durations (1h45min, 3h52min, 7h30min and 10h30min), there were twenty lambs in each transport. Animals body weight was 36.64±2.13 kg before transport. The lambs were slaughtered 15 hours after landing. The lambs lie down (median equal to zero every 20min) for a short time in journeys shorter than 3h52min. The number of potentially traumatic events is low (median near zero every 20min) for any transport duration. The adrenaline and cortisol concentrations, as well as metabolites that are controlled by them, did not testify that longer transport. However, the carcasses mass decreased and creatine kinase concentrations increased linearly with longer transports, which may reveal decrease in welfare. The meat quality of lambs was not influenced by the transport duration.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes inclusões da farinha do endocarpo I do babaçu sobre o consumo e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos. Vinte ovinos machos não castrados foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições por tratamento. Os animais receberam dietas experimentais isofi brosas, isoenergéticas e isonitrogenadas (zero; 7,5%; 15%; 22,5% ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to investigate the ingestive behavior of sheep fed with different inclusions of babassu endocarp meal I. The animals receive isofi brous, isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing the by-product in increasing levels of inclusion (zero; 7,5%; 15%; 22,5%
Industrialization of the Babassu coconut for edible oil production generates many co-products and has great potential to be used in ruminant nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different inclusions of endocarp meal type II of Babassu coconut (BEMII) on intake and digestibility of sheep diets. Twenty non-castrated male sheep with an undefined breed were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The animals received an experimental diet with increasing inclusions of BEMII (0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5%). Increasing additions of the coproduct negatively influenced dry matter intake (g/BW and g/kg0.75). Crude protein intake (in grams) per day decreased linearly with the inclusion of BEMII, presenting a reduction of 49.35 g/d. The inclusion of 7.5% showed the best response for energy balance among all inclusions and presented the closest nitrogen balance value when compared to the control group; therefore, this inclusion percentage is the best for endocarp meal utilization.
Para se avaliar o efeito do plano nutricional e crescimento sobre a massa dos pré-estômagos, morfologia e quantificação de papilas ruminais, trinta e seis cordeiras da raça Santa Inês foram submetidas a dois planos nutricionais (ad libitum ou restrito) sendo abatidas em diferentes pesos vivo (20, 30 ou 40 kg de peso vivo), em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado balanceado em arranjo fatorial 2x3. Feito o abate, as vísceras foram pesadas livres de seu conteúdo em seguida mediu-se o volume de repleção do rúmen e retículo. Amostras do tecido ruminal oriundas dos sacos cranial e ventral foram coletadas para posteriormente serem realizadas com auxílio de lupa estereoscópica as medidas morfométricas das papilas ruminais, altura, largura da base, área, papilas por cm² e área absortiva por cm². Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias resultantes por tratamento foram comparadas por meio de teste de Student Newmann Keuls. Os diferentes planos nutricionais não influenciaram a massa das vísceras rúmen, retículo e omaso (P>0,05), no entanto, observou-se crescimento dessas vísceras em função do aumento do peso ao abate. O volume dessas vísceras foi afetado pelo peso ao abate, e observou-se menores volumes para animais com alimentação ad libitum (P<0,10). O número de papilas por cm² foi reduzido com o aumento do peso ao abate, sendo que altura e área foram aumentadas quando em pesos maiores. O plano nutricional afetou apenas a área e altura das papilas ruminais oriundas do saco cranial. A área absortiva não foi afetada pelos tratamentos. Plano nutricional e diferentes pesos vivos influenciam a morfologia dos pré-estômagos de cordeiras da raça Santa Inês.
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