Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brè thes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) is an important fruit ßy parasitoid native to the Neotropics. We investigated the biology and constructed a fertility life table for A. pelleranoi reared on larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Parasitoid development was investigated in larvae of the two fruit ßy species by recording the duration of the eggÐadult period, number of offspring, sex ratio, adult weight, adult hind tibia length, and male and female longevity, and constructing a fertility life table. Parasitoids reared on An. fraterculus larvae produced more offspring, had shorter eggÐadult periods, greater proportion of females and longer survival, and higher percent emergence than parasitoids reared on C. capitata larvae. Moreover, A. pelleranoi individuals reared on An. fraterculus larvae were heavier and had longer hind tibia than those reared on C. capitata. Based on life table statistics, the time required to double the population (T d) was Ϸ3.4 times shorter for parasitoids reared on An. fraterculus larvae. Our results show that A. pelleranoi develops better on larvae from An. fraterculus than C. capitata, indicating that this species could be used for the mass production of this parasitoid intended for augmentative biological control of fruit ßies.

Article historyThe purpose of this study was to isolate bacteria found in the oral cavity of healthy Bothrops atrox and in snakes with stomatitis. The area around the snake fang sheaths were swabbed and the samples were placed in Stuart transport medium, and then seeded on blood agar and XLD agar.

Resumo O interesse pela criação de jacarés em cativeiro tem aumentado no Brasil, no entanto, faltam estudos aprofundados sobre o tipo e a frequência de alimentação adequada destes répteis em cativeiro. Objetivou-se determinar os aspectos an tomo-radio r cos e o tempo de trânsito astrintestinal do Caiman crocodilus crocodilus por meio de radio ra as contrastadas. Os de jacarés, cinco machos e cinco fêmeas, foram contidos sicamente para a administração, via sonda oro strica, de 0 ml/ de suspensão de sulfato de b rio e óleo mineral, na proporção de 0 30 , respectivamente. As radio ra as foram reali adas em projeção dorso-ventral nos tempos de cinco minutos, e seis, 24, 30, 48, 4, 2, 80, 9 , 04, 20, 30, 44 e 0 h após a administração do contraste. A técnica utili ada permitiu a visibili ação da passa em do contraste, além de determinar o tempo de trânsito astrintestinal em jacaré tin a. eri cou-se que a média do tempo de passa em do contraste pelo trato di estório desta espécie foi de 29, h para fêmeas e 8 ,4 2 , h para os machos.

ABSTRACT. Stomatitis is a common disease found on snake farms, and Gram-negative bacilli are the main etiological agents that play an important role as secondary sources of viral or parasitic infections. The purpose of this work was to identify the aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis. Samples for microbiological examination were collected from 12 snakes bred on a commercial snake farm for venom extraction. Samples of the secretion in the oral cavity of each serpent presenting stomatitis were collected from fang sheath, using a cotton swab with sterile alginate. The samples were incubated and cultured on Petri dishes containing blood agar and XLD agar using the agar depletion technique. Bacterial growth occurred in all analyzed samples collected from the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis, and some of the samples contained more than one microorganism. The following Gram-negative bacteria were isolated: Escherichia coli (26.31%), Citrobacter spp. (21.05%), Proteus spp. (15.78%) and Salmonella spp. (10.52%). The only Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated was Staphylococcus spp., which was present in 26.31% of the analyzed samples.Keywords: bacteriology, infectious diseases, Reptilia, Squamata, Ophidia. Bactérias aeróbicas da cavidade oral de jararaca-do-norte (Bothrops atrox) com estomatite RESUMO.A estomatite é uma das doenças mais frequentes em criatórios comerciais de serpentes, sendo os bacilos Gram-negativos os principais agentes etiológicos com importante papel, como fontes secundárias, nas infecções virais ou parasitárias. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as bactérias aeróbicas presentes na cavidade oral em serpentes da espécie Bothrops atrox. Utilizaram-se 12 amostras colhidas com auxílio de swab estéril na região da bainha da presa, em serpentes que apresentaram estomatite, em um criatório comercial. As amostras foram cultivadas em Ágar-sangue e Ágar XLD. Em todas as amostras analisadas, houve crescimento de, pelo menos, um microrganismo. As bactérias Gramnegativas isoladas foram Escherichia coli (26,31%), Citrobacter spp. (21,05%), Proteus spp. (15,78%) e Salmonella spp. (10,52%). A única bactéria Gram-positiva isolada foi a Staphylococcus spp., presente em 26,31% das amostras analisadas.Palavras-chave: bacteriologia, doenças infecciosas, Reptilia, Squamata, Ophidia.

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