Oral microbiota in healthy Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) and in snakes with stomatitis

Pereira, Heloísa Castro; Gomes, Dayane Olímpia; Hirano, Líria Queiroz Luz; Santos, André Luíz Quagliatto; Lima, Anna Monteiro Correia

doi:10.21708/avb.2017.11.0.7157

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Most reports on stomatitis in serpents approach cases occurred in captive animals [3,10,12], differently from what has been presented in this case, which is about a free animal rescued when invading an urban area. As a matter of fact, a higher predisposition to the occurrence of this disease is observed in captive animals, when compared to the free ones [7,8].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Despite the high frequency of stomatitis in serpents and the influence of bacteria in these animals, as well as the influence of those bacteria on human beings, the studies about the characterization and distribution of those microorganisms are scarce [1]. The reports on this alteration on serpents of the Brazilian fauna are also rare [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the high frequency of stomatitis in serpents, few studies have described this alteration in serpents from the Brazilian fauna. Assessments of its profiles of sensibility and resistance are also very scarce [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with Bacterial Clinical Stomatitis

Martins

Ferreira

Santos

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Stomatitis is an infectious disease common in serpents and responsible for high mortality rates. It is characterized by the infection of the oral mucosa and neighboring tissues, related to the opportunistic character of bacteria present in the normal microbiota, pathogenic in stressful situations. Few studies have described the profile of sensibility of these agents in serpents of the Brazilian fauna. Therefore, this study has aimed at describing the isolation and identification of the infectious agents involved in the clinic stomatitis in a specimen of green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), and the profile of sensibility and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Case: The serpent has been rescued in an urban environment, without previous records and featured erosive injuries in its oral cavity, with the presence of secretion. In a clinical evaluation, it has been assessed that the specimen had erosive injuries in its oral cavity, with hyperemic points in its mucosa and serous secretion. Then the specimen went through a collection of the secretion from its oral cavity for microbiological analysis. Typical colonies of Enterococcus, Citrobacter and Enterobacter were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The results of these tests were able to confirm and identify the Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter and Enterococcus species. The profile of sensibility to antimicrobials of the isolated microorganisms has been determined through the method of diffusion in the disk of Kirby-Bauer. There was not any sensitive antimicrobial for the three agents. For treatment, based on the antimicrobial profile presented, was used Ciprofloxacin ® associated to daily washings with solution of chlorhexidine 0.12% for 10 days. Clinical cure was observed at the end of this treatment. Discussion: Despite the high frequency of this disease in the clinical routine of snakes, little information about pathogen agents affecting constrictor serpents in their native area is available. Immunodepression, malnutrition, and temperatures and humidity outside the animal thermal comfort zone, are predisposing factors for the development of bacterial diseases in reptiles. Probably, due to the factors that predispose to infection by these bacterial agents, most reports on stomatitis in serpents approach cases occurred in captive animals, differently from what has been presented in this case, which is about a free animal rescued when invading an urban area. The bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of the serpent here reported belong to the normal microbiota of the oral cavity of these animals. Notwithstanding, these bacteria may become pathogenic in certain circumstances. Conditions of undernutrition, stress and oral trauma are considered as predisposing factors to the occurrence of stomatitis in serpents, what can be correlated to the occurrence of the disease in this case. The gram-negative agents causing bacterial diseases in serpents are generally resistant to medicines of the most common spectrum used in the clinical routi...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with Bacterial Clinical Stomatitis

Martins

Ferreira

Santos

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Foi registrado pela primeira vez em anfíbio infecção em axolote (Ambystoma mexicanum), causada por Serratia marcescens, que resultou em septicemia e a morte do animal (DEL-POZO et al, 2011). No entanto, apesar de algumas espécies de Serratia serem potenciais causadoras de infecções em anfíbios e répteis, esse gênero faz parte da microbiota natural de animais (WOODHAMS et al, 2007a;WALKE et al, 2011;HEYNOL et al, 2015;NOWAKIEWICZ et al, 2015;DOUGLAS et al, 2017;PEREIRA et al, 2017;PIOVIA-SCOTT et al, 2017).…”

Section: Os Gêneros Bacterianos Mais Representativos Em Ambas As Espécies De Anfíbios Foramunclassified

Composição da comunidade bacteriana cutânea em anfíbios na região Oeste do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil

Peixoto

Guedes

Ferreira

et al. 2020

RICA

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O tecido cutâneo dos anfíbios é fundamental em muitos aspectos de sua vida. As características naturais da pele de um anfíbio fornecem um microambiente ideal para o crescimento de microrganismos diversos que auxiliam em muitos processos importantes para os hospedeiros. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a microbiota cutânea cultivável de anfíbios amostrados na região de Santarém, Oeste do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Para isso os anfíbios foram capturados em buscas ativas em horário noturno, entre os meses de novembro de 2017 a abril de 2019. O material cutâneo foi colhido por esfregaço na região dorsoventral do animal, utilizando um swab embebido em solução salina 0,85% até a diluição 10-3, e cultivado em placas de Petri contendo meio PCA. Posteriormente, o isolamento das colônias foi realizado de acordo com os morfotipos das bactérias e a identificação das cepas foi realizada por chave bioquímica para identificação ao menor nível taxonômico. Foram capturadas duas espécies de anfíbios, totalizando 25 indivíduos, sendo 15 exemplares de Rhinella major e 10 indivíduos de Rhinella marina. Foram identificadas 101 cepas bacterianas e destas 94% foram de bactérias Gram-positivo. Os gêneros bacterianos mais representativos em ambas as espécies de anfíbios foram Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus e Mycobacterium. Ainda que alguns gêneros de bactérias identificadas nesse estudo possuam espécies que sejam caracterizadas como potenciais agentes patogênicos, não foram encontrados indícios de que estariam causando danos aos animais estudados. Desse modo, é importante que novos estudos sejam realizados com o objetivo de sublimar e inspecionar a microbiota de anfíbios.

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“…Three petri dishes were used for each clinical application condition, all of which received the diffusion disc method, which consisted of using 6mm diameter Cecon® sterile filter paper disks to determine the bactericidal activity in methylene blue and low-level laser applications [16].…”

Section: Determination Of Bactericidal Activity and Low-level Laser Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiotherapeutic Intervention with Biofotododynamic Therapy for the Reduction of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Mm¹

2018

VIJ

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Pressure ulcers are injuries that can cause bacterial proliferation, and when infected are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, photodynamic therapy becomes an adjunct to the treatment with medications because it has the bactericidal capacity. In this way, this study aims to analyze in vitro the bactericidal effect of methylene blue by associating it with the low-level laser in the wavelength of 830nm to determine which therapeutic doses present better efficacy in the treatment of bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa. The microbiological material was collected by an aseptic swab and the antimicrobial activity was verified by disc diffusion method using sterile filter paper. Methylene blue was used at concentrations of 0,001% and 0,005% and the low-level laser of 830nm at the intensities of 4J/cm², 8J/cm², 10J/cm² and 14J/cm², being tested in three plates for each dose, as well as the low-level laser and the methylene blue, were tested separately. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS through the "t-test for dependent samples". It was verified that there was reduction of the bacterial activity with the application of the low-level laser in doses of 10J/cm² (p=0,00) and 14J/cm² (p=0,03) added to them ethylene blue in 0.005% concentration, however, there was a greater reduction of bacterial proliferation in the application of 10J/cm². Thus, it was concluded that the photodynamic therapy applied in the concentration of 0.005% of the methylene blue combined with the low-level laser of 830nm of 10J/cm² and 14J/cm² of intensity, present a reduction in the amount of bacterial proliferation.Once the bacteria multiply in the pressure ulcer, new clinical signs and symptoms are observed, worsening the Research ArticleVolume 2 Issue 1

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Oral microbiota in healthy Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) and in snakes with stomatitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with Bacterial Clinical Stomatitis

Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with Bacterial Clinical Stomatitis

Composição da comunidade bacteriana cutânea em anfíbios na região Oeste do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil

Physiotherapeutic Intervention with Biofotododynamic Therapy for the Reduction of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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