Background: Isokinetic dynamometry allows the measurement of several variables related to muscular performance, many of which are seldom used, while others are redundantly applied to the characterization of muscle function. Objectives: The present study aimed to establish the particular features of muscle function that are captured by the variables currently included in isokinetic assessment and to determine which variables best represent these features in order to achieve a more objective interpretation of muscular performance. Method: This study included 235 male athletes. They performed isokinetic tests of concentric knee flexion and extension of the dominant leg at a velocity of 60º/s. An exploratory factor analysis was performed. Results: The findings demonstrated that isokinetic variables can characterize more than muscle torque production and pointed to the presence of 5 factors that enabled the characterization of muscular performance according to 5 different domains or constructs. Conclusions: The constructs can be described by torque generation capacity; variation of the torque generation capacity along repetitions; movement deceleration capacity; mechanical/physiological factors of torque generation; and acceleration capacity (torque development). Fewer than eight out of sixteen variables are enough to characterize these five constructs. Our results suggest that these variables and these 5 domains may lead to a more systematic and optimized interpretation of isokinetic assessments.
Anatomical studies have shown structural continuity between the lumbopelvic region and the lower limb. The present study aimed to verify how simultaneous changes on knee/hip positions modify the ankle's resting position and passive torque. Thirty-seven subjects underwent an isokinetic assessment of ankle passive torque. The relationship between the absolute values of ankle passive resistance torque and the ankle angular position was used to calculate the dependent variables: ankle resting position (position in which the passive resistance torque is zero); and ankle passive torque at 0° (torque at the neutral position of the ankle in the sagittal plane). These measures were carried out under three test conditions: 0° at knee and 0° at hip (0°/0°); 90° at knee and 90° at hip (90°/90°); and, 135° at knee and 120° at hip (135°/120°). The results demonstrated that the ankle resting position shifted towards dorsiflexion when knee/hip position changed from 0°/0° to 90°/90° and shifted towards plantar flexion when knee/hip position changed from 90°/90° to 135°/120°, achieving values close to the ones at the position 0°/0°. Similarly, passive torque reduced when knee/hip position changed from 0°/0° to 90°/90°, but it increased when knee/hip position changed from 90°/90° to 135°/120°. The unexpected changes observed in ankle passive torque and resting position due to changes in knee and hip from 90°/90° to 135°/120°, cannot be explained exclusively by forces related to tissues crossing the knee and ankle. This result supports the existence of myofascial force transmission among lower limb joints.
Background The effect of pharmacological treatment (PT), exercise treatment (ET), and both in depressive symptoms remains a matter of debate. The present study aimed to clarify (1) the effect of ET as a monotherapy or complementary treatment of pharmacological therapy; (2) changes in the dose-response for different exercise prescription characteristics; and 3) hypothesizing about the gene network model of exercise effects on depression. Methods We sought Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) addressing the effects of exercise on depressive patients, published in peer-reviewed journals between 2003-2019 in Scopus, Cochrane, Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and APA PsycNET databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated considering the mean difference on depression scales (pre and post-intervention) and pooled standard deviation for each intention-to-treat in each study. For the gene network model of exercise on depression an in silico analyses were used. Results We found 1,165 articles and selected 15 studies to this meta-analysis. RCTs with different ET and PT prescriptions were examined using the delta (pre and post-intervention) of a validated depression scale compared to the control group in different treatment conditions.Standardized mean differences and confidence intervals (SMD, 95% CI) were found for ET with or without PT group (-0.45, -0.62 to -0.29), ET and PT group (-0.70, -1.00 to -0.40), and only ET group (-0.39, -0.57 to -0.21). The subgroup analyses showed a moderate and large SMD in favour of resistance training (-0.67, -1.22 to -0.12), aerobic exercise 60-80% of maximum heart rate intensity (-0.56, -0.89 to -0.23), 20 to 30 minutes (-0.59, -0.88 to -0.31) or 45 to 60 minutes (-0.55, -0.81 to -0.29) duration per session, and seven times per week (-0.75, -1.30 to -0.20). Conclusion ET plus PT showed a better effect on reducing depressive symptoms, and the exercise prescription that shows the best dose-response in subgroup analyses can be the target for ET in depression. Also, the genes network model can withstand the effect of exercise in the depressive symptoms decrease according to an interaction between BDNF and inflammation. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Conflito de interesses:Os autores declaram não haver nenhum interesse profissional ou pessoal que possa gerar conflito de interesses em relação a este manuscrito. Análise da prevalência de acidente vascular encefálico em pacientes assistidos por uma instituição hospitalarAnalysis of the prevalence of stroke in patients assisted by a hospital Análisis de la prevalencia de accidente vascular encefálico en pacientes asistidos por un hospital Resumo O acidente vascular encefálico é uma das maiores causas de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. Caracteriza-se por déficit neurológico em uma área encefálica secundária à lesão vascular, e representa um grupo de doenças com manifestações clínicas semelhantes. Este estudo objetivou analisar a prevalência do acidente vascular encefálico em pacientes assistidos por uma instituição hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo na qual sua amostra compreendeu 288 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de acidente vascular encefálico internado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Utilizou-se um formulário como instrumento de coleta de dados. O tratamento dos mesmos se deu por meio de epidemiologia descritiva. Houve prevalência do sexo masculino, entre 70-79 anos e pardos. Apresenta como um dos principais fatores de risco a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (62,8%) e que leva a diversas manifestações clínicas e déficits neurológicos, em destaque, a hemiplegia (39,2%). Quanto ao tipo de episódio, 65% não foram especificadas de forma a apontar o tipo isquêmico como o mais frequente (72%). Conclui-se que o acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico mostrou-se mais prevalente e recorrente em idosos do sexo masculino na qual a hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi o principal fator de risco causador da doença. (4) Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras -FIP-MOC, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.2 Abstract Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Characterized by a secondary neurological deficit in brain area to vascular injury, and is a group of diseases with similar clinical manifestations. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of stroke in patients assisted by a hospital. This is a descriptive study in which a sample consisted of 288 records of patients diagnosed with stroke admitted to the period from January to December of 2008. We used a form as a collection tool data. Treatment of these occurred by descriptive epidemiology. There was prevalence in males, between 70-79 years and browns. It presents one of the main risk factors systemic arterial hypertension (62.8%) and that leads to various clinical manifestations and neurological deficits, highlighted, hemiplegia (39.2%). Regarding the type of episode, 65% were not specified to point the ischemic stroke as the most common (72%). It was concluded that ischemic cerebrovascular accident was more prevalent and recurrent in the elderly male patients in whom systemic arterial hypertension was the main risk factor causing the disease.
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