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Leukocyte responsiveness to light can be used for discrimination between pathological and nonpathological states and prognostic evaluation of pathological development. Patients exhibiting similar clinical symptoms could be divided into separate groups with potentially different outcomes. A novel definition of nonpathological states as well as the mechanism underlying the bell-shaped curve that delineates the relationship between PMN number and intracellular ROS is suggested in pathological states.

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Com posted municipal solid wastes (CMSW) could potentially be used as a mulching material to control runoff and soil erosion. The effects of mulching with CMSW on water percolation and rate of compost decomposition were studied using laboratory rainfall simulator. Samples of typical loess soil (Calcic Haploxeralf) were packed in boxes and either covered with 0, 100, 200 and 300m 3 ha· 1 of CMSW, or mixed with 200m3 ha· 1 of CMSW. The soil boxes were subjected to six consecutive simulated rainstorms of distilled water, totaling 260 mm. Rate of CMSW mineralization and microbial activity were estimated from C0 2 evolution and dehydrogenase (DHG) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activities, respectively, during the drying periods between rain storms. With the surface CMSW treatments, 85 percent of the rain water percolated into the soil, compared with 42 and 52 percent in the control and incorporated CMSW treatments, respectively. Rate of CMSW mineralization, estimated from C0 2 evolution throughout the drying periods between six consecutive rainstorms, was 19, 13 and 11 percent of C added, in the 100, 200 and 300 m 3 ha· 1 of surface applied CMSW, respectively. The degradation of the compost had not ceased at the end of the experiment, as indicated by continuing enzyme activities and respiration simulated by the compost. Although 100m 3 ha· 1 of CMSW was enough to control runoff efficiently in the laboratory, in the field, larger amounts may be needed to provide complete mulching of the soil surface.

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