A Product Service-System (PSS) is an integrated combination of products and services. This western concept embraces a service led competitive strategy, environmental sustainability, and the basis to differentiate from competitors who simply offer lower priced products. This paper aims to report the state-of-the-art of PSS research by presenting a clinical review of literature currently available on this topic. The literature is classified and the major outcomes of each study are addressed and analysed.On this basis, this paper defines the PSS concept, reports on its origin and features, gives examples of applications along with potential benefits and barriers to adoption, summarises available tools and methodologies, and identifies future research challenges. AbstractA Product Service-System (PSS) is an integrated combination of products and services. This western concept embraces a service led competitive strategy, environmental sustainability, and the basis to differentiate from competitors who simply offer lower priced products. This paper aims to report the state-of-the-art of PSS research by presenting a clinical review of literature currently available on this topic. The literature is classified and the major outcomes of each study are addressed and analysed.On this basis, this paper defines the PSS concept, reports on its origin and features, gives examples of applications along with potential benefits and barriers to adoption, summarises available tools and methodologies, and identifies future research challenges.

Wire and arc additive manufacture enables us to build fully dense metallic parts by depositing material in layers using a welding process. Conventionally, in this process, the welding torch is always maintained in a vertical orientation, but this can cause accessibility problems and may require that the part is moved during the deposition process. The aim of the research presented in this article is to investigate the production of geometrical features using wire and arc additive manufacture with positional welding. Positional welding is particularly useful for building features with limited accessibility without having to manipulate the part. In the current work, inclined and horizontal wall features have been built using an inclined torch position. The knowledge obtained from these experiments has been further applied to build enclosed features. Additionally, a range of travel speeds has been investigated to better understand the effect of travel speed on part quality for angled walls. Factors that hinder the quality of the produced features have also been identified.

Design/Methodology/Approach -The research uses case based research which is appropriate for exploratory research of this type. In depth interviews were conducted with key personnel in a focal firm and two members of its supply chain and the results were analysed to identify emergent themes.Findings -The research has identified differences in supplier behaviour dependent on their role in PSS delivery and their relationship with the PSS provider. In particular it suggests that for a successful partnership it is important to align the objectives between PSS provider and suppliers.Originality/ value -This research provides a detailed investigation into a PSS supply chain and highlights the complexity of roles and relationships among the organisations within it. It will be of value to other PSS researchers and organisations transitioning to the delivery of PSS.

Filomeno (2017). Design for Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture: design rules and build orientation selection. Journal of Engineering Design, 28(7-9) pp. 568-598.For guidance on citations see FAQs. ABSTRACTWire + Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) is an additive manufacturing technology that can produce near net-shape parts layer by layer in an automated manner using welding technology controlled by a robot or CNC machine. WAAM has been shown to produce parts with good structural integrity in a range of materials including titanium, steel and aluminium and has the potential to produce high value structural parts at lower cost with much less waste material and shorter lead times that conventional manufacturing processes.This paper provides an initial set of design rules for WAAM and presents a methodology for build orientation selection for WAAM parts. The paper begins with a comparison between the design requirements and capabilities of WAAM and other additive manufacturing technologies, design guidelines for WAAM are then presented based on experimental work. A methodology to select the most appropriate build orientation for WAAM parts is then presented using a multi attribute decision matrix approach to compare different design alternatives. Two aerospace case study parts are provided to illustrate the methodology. ARTICLE HISTORY

Additive Manufacture (AM) is a technique whereby freeform structures are produced by building up material in a layer by layer fashion. Among the different AM processes, Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) has the ability to manufacture large custom-made metal workpiece with high efficiency. A design study has been performed to explore the process capabilities of fabricating complicated geometries using WAAM. Features such as enclosed structures, crossing structures, and balanced building structures have been investigated in this study. Finite Element (FE) models are employed to take the thermo-mechanical performance into account. Robot tool path design has been performed to transfer the WAAM component designs into real components efficiently. This paper covers these essential design steps from a technical as well as practical point of view.Keywords: additive manufacture, wire and arc additive manufacture, design for manufacture, FE simulation.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mehnen, J., Ding, J., Lockett, H. and Kazanas, P. (XXXX) Design study for wire and arc additive manufacture , Int. J. Product Development, Vol. X, No. Y, pp.xxx xxx. Helen Lockett is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Engineering at Cranfield University. Her research interests are in engineering design and computer aided design, particularly focused on the development of techniques to support design for manufacture/ maintainability. In her PhD research she developed a knowledge based manufacturing advisor for moulded parts. More recently she has investigated the design opportunities for additive manufacture, particularly for aerospace applications. She has also undertaken research in design for maintainability and the extended lifecycle, utilising information collected from products in-use. J. Mehnen et al.Panos Kazanas obtained his Mechanical Engineering in 1993 in Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He obtained his MSc in CAD/CAM from Cranfield University in 1995 and worked in the oil & gas industry for 11 years. He returned to Cranfield to obtain an MSc in Welding Engineering. He is currently a PhD student in the AVD Department of Cranfield University. His research interests include Design for Additive Manufacturing (AM) process with weld metal deposition and FEA analysis of AM proposed designs.