ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESUMO O presente estudo teve os seguintes objetivos: i) examinar as correlações inter-escalas entre as três dimensões de respostas (intensidade, direção e frequência) do CSAI-2R e sua relação com a experiência competitiva; e ii) verificar o efeito da experiência competitiva na ansiedade (cognitiva e somática) e na autoconfiança na amostra total e em função de diferentes tipos de modalidades (individuais vs. coletivas). A amostra foi composta por 267 atletas (196 do sexo masculino e 71 do sexo feminino), de diferentes modalidades desportivas, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 40 anos (M= 24.30, DP= 5.62). Os atletas preencheram a versão brasileira do CSAI-2R, a qual incluiu a adição das dimensões de resposta direção e de frequência. Foram utilizados o teste de Pearson e a Manova para o tratamento dos dados. De modo geral, verificou-se que a experiência competitiva exerce um elevado efeito multivariado significativo sobre as dimensões da ansiedade competitiva. Tanto praticantes de modalidades individuais, assim como praticantes de modalidades coletivas, com baixa experiência competitiva, tenderam a reportar níveis inferiores de intensidade de autoconfiança, comparados aos atletas com alta experiência competitiva. Estes resultados foram discutidos tendo em conta as implicações teóricas e práticas destas evidências para o planeamento de intervenções da Psicologia do Desporto no Brasil, em atletas de diferentes contextos.

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ResumoO propósito do estudo foi examinar a confiabilidade, evidências de validade fatorial, invariância (por género, tipo de esporte e nível competitivo) e evidências de validade convergente do CSAI-2. A amostra total foi composta de 375 atletas (284 do sexo masculino e 91 do sexo feminino). Para as evidências de validade convergente, a amostra foi constituída de 163 atletas (115 do sexo masculino e 48 do sexo feminino). Os atletas responderam aos instrumentos (CSAI-2 e versão reduzida do IDATE) uma hora antes do início das competições. Os resultados revelaram confiabilidade (α > 0,70) e bons índices de ajustamento (CFI = 0,959, GFI = 0,942 e RMSEA = 0,044) para o modelo reduzido de 17 itens (CSAI-2R). A invariância e as evidencias de validade convergente foram suportadas. A versão brasileira reduzida do CSAI-2 revelou boas propriedades psicométricas, sustentando a sua utilização em atletas brasileiros. Palavras-chaves: Ansiedade competitiva, evidências de validade, invariância. AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the reliability, factorial validity evidence, invariance (by gender, type of sport and competitive level) and evidence of convergent validity of the CSAI-2. The total sample consisted of 375 athletes (284 males and 91 females). For evidence of convergent validity, the sample consisted of 163 athletes (115 males and 48 females). The athletes responded to the instruments (CSAI-2 and reduced version of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory -STAI) an hour before starting competitions. The results showed reliability (α > .70) and good indices of fit (CFI = .959, GFI = .942 and RMSEA = .044) for the reduced model of 17 items (CSAI-2R). The invariance and the evidence of convergent validity were supported. The Brazilian reduced version of CSAI-2 showed good psychometric properties, supporting its use in Brazilian athletes. Keywords: Competitive anxiety, evidence of validity, invariance.

This study had the following aims: (i) to translate the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) into Brazilian Portuguese and adapt it to ensure the semantic/conceptual equivalence and content validity of the Brazilian version and (ii) to analyse the psychometric properties-reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and factorial validity-of the lived experience component, also called the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ), in a calibration sample and in a validation sample of Brazilian adults. The calibration sample comprised 436 subjects, 159 men and 277 women, aged between 18 and 79 years (mean age = 32.20 years; SD = 11.46); the validation study sample comprised 388 subjects, 253 women and 135 men, aged between 18 and 59 years (mean age = 30.59 years; SD = 9.44). All subjects completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian SWBQ and the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS). The results provide evidence of the reliability and factorial validity of an oblique four-factor model of a reduced 17-item version but revealed some problems with the convergent validity of the communal and personal factors (average variance extracted < .50). Nonetheless, these results provide evidence that the Brazilian version of the lived experience component of SHALOM (or SWBQ b ) has good psychometric properties and is a valid method of evaluating the spiritual health of Brazilian adults. Further research is required to establish the convergent and discriminant validity of this reduced version.

Stroke is a common cause of epilepsy, accounting for 11% of all epilepsy cases and 55% of newly diagnosed seizures in the elderly population. 1 Moreover, the relationship between stroke and epilepsy appears to be bidirectional, since middle-aged and elderly patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy have a twofold to threefold increased risk of stroke within approximately 2 years of epilepsy onset. 2,3 Post-stroke seizures usually have a focal seizure semiology, with approximately one third of cases presenting with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. 4

Characterization of anxiety levels among track and fi eld athletesThe purpose of this study was to characterize the levels of anxiety among young track and fi eld athletes. The sample consisted of 147 athletes (89 males and 58 females). These were divided according to the independent variables defi ned for the present study, namely: competitive agegroup, sport and ranking. The4 instruments used were the CSAI-2 and ICPC. The statistical procedures used were the descriptive and correlation techniques. In general the results confi rmed those obtained in prior studies. The results further suggested that the systematic use of the ICPC by coaches may be an adequate way to better know the athletes they work with.

The study of factors influencing competitive anxiety, according to a multidimensional perspective and supported by valid instruments, is scarce among Brazilian athletes of different sports. The present study aims to: i) investigate the theoretical relationship between the different dimensions of the multidimensional theory of anxiety (i.e., cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence); and ii) investigate the effects of gender, type of sport (individual or collective) and competitive experience levels on cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. A total of 303 athletes (233 males and 70 females), from different sports, aged between 18 and 40 years (M =24.22, SD = 5.07) completed a shortened version of CSAI-2 (i.e., CSAI-2R), about one hour before the start of competitions. Results revealed significant correlations between cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence dimensions, in accordance with the assumptions of the multidimensional theory. Additionally, comparative analyses indicated that female athletes and athletes from collective sports showed higher levels of cognitive anxiety, while male athletes and athletes with high competitive experience reported higher levels of self-confidence. These results were discussed taking into account the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for planning interventions of sport psychology in Brazil with athletes of different contexts.

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