It has been demonstrated that the choice of the right optical brightening agent for use in the dope or for topic‐brightening in the textile‐mill has a big influence on the ability of the fiber to be further brightened in the wash‐bath, on the lightfastness and the washfastness of the white, and very often also on the colored wash‐load. The investigation also deals with the mutual influence of brighteners applied during the production of the fiber or the fabric and those used in detergents. Ways are described to overcome undesired changes in the hues of pastel shades. Some aspects of the visual assessment and measurement of whitening effects are discussed.
A previous study evaluating the mothproofing activity of synthetic pyrethroids of the type 2‐substituted 3,3‐dimethylcyclopropane‐ 1‐carboxylates found this class of compounds to be active against the common clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella H.) and the black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus Oliv.), but higher concentrations were required to protect keratinous materials from larval damage by the furniture carpet beetle (Anthrenus vorax Waterh., syn. Anthrenus flavipesie Conte var. seminiveus Casey). The present paper evaluates the mothproofing efficacy of the structurally related α‐substituted phenyl‐acetates. It has been found that this class of substances exhibits an activity pattern that is similar to that of the 2‐substituted 3,3‐dimethylcyclopropane‐ 1‐carboxylates. A representative of the phenylacetate class, S—5439, is compared with the corresponding cyclopropanecarboxylate, permethrin.
As a consequence of the restrictions imposed on the use of dieldrin, a world‐wide effort is being made to find an appropriate successor to protect keratinous materials from textile pests, in particular the larvae of the common clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella H.), the black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus Oliv.) and the furniture carpet beetle (Anthrenus vorax Waterh.) Extensive investigations of permethrin (NRDC 143, FMC 33297, chemical name: 3phenoxybenzyl‐(±) c\s, trans‐2‐(2′,2′‐dichlorovinyl)‐3,3‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate) have led to the marketing of this pyrethroid. The present paper evaluates different classes of 2‐substituted 3,3‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylates for their mothproofing efficacy. It has been found that the pyrethroids offer good protection against larval damage by the common clothes moth but as a general rule, are less effective in their activity to the Anthrenus species, a textile pest that is acquiring increasing importance as a major source of damage. This disadvantage is found even in otherwise highly active pyrethroids such as permethrin and deltamethrin. Cypermethrin was found to offer slightly better protection than permethrin against larval damage by Attagenus piceus.
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