Methyl‐substituierte carbocyclische Aromaten der Benzol‐, Diphenyl‐, Terphenyl‐, Stilben‐, 1,4‐Diphenylbutadien‐, Tolan‐, 1,4‐Diphenylbutadiin‐, Naphtalin‐, Anthracen‐und Phenanthren‐Reihe werden mit Anilen aromatischer Aldehyde in Dimethylformamid in Gegenwart von Kaliumhydroxid oder Kalium‐t‐butylat zu Styryl‐Derivaten umgesetzt.
Mit 1 Textfigur.) i (Vorgelegt in der Sitzung am 8. Februar 1912.) 121ber die Einwirkung von Diamid auf die Ester der Pyridincarbons/iuren liegen bisher nut zwei Arbeiten vor: Curtius und Mohr i haben das Nikotins/iurehydrazid und einige seiner Derivate, und Mohr -~ und Amos a die entsprechenden Verbindungen aus Lutidindicarbons~iure, und deren Abbau zu ,Diamino-und Dioxylutidin beschrieben. Da jetzt durch die Patente yon Raschig das Hydrazinhydrat zu einem leicht zug/inglichen Reagens geworden ist, haben wir seine Verwendbarkeit for die n/ihere Charakterisierung der Pyridinmono-und Dicarbons/iuren geprtift. Die untersuchten Verbindungen sind nun im allgemeinen leicht darstellbar und krystallisieren gut, was namentlich ffir die ~-Reihe bemerkenswert ist, die sonst (mit Ausnahme des Nikotins/turemethylesters) schlecht krystallisierende Vertreter liefert. Es mul3 aber hervorgehoben werden, daf3 die Hydrazinderivate der Pyridinreihe sich nut dann gut darstellen lassen, wenn man reines Ausgangsmaterial verwendet; so konnten wit nur aus Nikotin eine S/lure erhalten, die die yon Curtius und 1
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic benefit of time-resolved CENTRA-keyhole contrastenhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA) for improving arterialvenous separation of pulmonary vessels. Methods: Twenty-three patients (18 males; age = 58 ± 11y) after radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation to treat atrial fibrillation were examined using CENTRA-keyhole based multi-phase 3D CE-CMRA yielding 6 near-isotropic 3D datasets every 1.6 s (50-60 coronal partitions, 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.3 mm, SENSE-factor 3). Results were compared with conventional non-keyhole CE-CMRA (identical parameters, SENSE-factor 2). Results: Data acquisition was accelerated by a speedup factor of ∼9 compared with the reference CE-CMRA (SENSE 1.5 * , keyhole 6 * ). No pulmonary venous stenoses were detected by either method, overall pulmonary venous diameters were 17.1 ± 3.6 mm. Applying Bland-Altman analysis, vessel diameters differed by a mean of 0.1 mm + 2.1 mm/−2.0 mm (mean ± 2 SD), indicating close agreement between both techniques. Interobserver variability was higher for CENTRAkeyhole (mean = 0.1 mm; mean ± 2 SD: +2.5 mm/−2.3 mm) compared to conventional technique (0.0 mm; +1.6 mm/−1.5 mm), corresponding to a percentual deviation (mean ± 2 SD) of the mean diameter of approximately ± 15% (keyhole CE-CMRA) and ± 10% (conventional CE-CMRA), respectively. Using keyhole-based time-resolved CE-CMRA, the contrast between pulmonary veins versus aorta/pulmonary artery was significantly increased (p < 0.05), which improved vessel depiction. In 12 cases, the contrast bolus arrival was delayed in one of the pulmonary veins by 1 dynamic frame (= 1.6 seconds); in 7 cases by 2 frames (= 3.2 seconds) and in 1 subject by 3 frames (= 4.8 seconds). The bolus usually appeared first in the upper right pulmonary vein whereas a delay occurred most often in the lower left pulmonary vein. Conclusions: Conventional CE-CMRA may be advantageous for accurate vessel size measures as evidenced by superior interobserver reproducibility in this study. Multi-dynamic CE-CMRA using CENTRA-keyhole with SENSE, however, allows for improved arterio-venous separation of pulmonary vessels and additional dynamical information on pulmonary venous perfusion, while maintaining high spatial resolution. Exact bolus timing is no longer needed.
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