No abstract

Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required.

No abstract

The precipitation reaction of some rare earth chlorides (La/Ce/Nd/GdCl 3 ) in a LiCl-KCl molten salt has been carried out by using the oxygen sparging method. In this study, regardless of the oxygen sparging time and the molten salt temperature, oxychlorides (REOCl) for LaCl 3 , NdCl 3 and GdCl 3 , and an oxide (REO 2 ) for CeCl 3 are formed as a precipitate. The conversion of rare-earth chlorides into insoluble precipitates was described by using a conversion ratio. The conversion ratio increased exponentially with the oxygen sparging time and finally showed asymptotic value at 1,023 K of the molten salt temperature condition. The conversion ratios of LaCl 3 , NdCl 3 and GdCl 3 were increased with the molten salt temperature, however, even though the conversion ratio was increased from 0.660 to 0.995 with increasing molten salt temperature from 823 to 923 K at 60 min of a sparging time, the values of the conversion ratio of CeCl 3 were nearly constant (over 0.999) with the molten salt temperature. As a result of the thermogravimetric analysis of the precipitates (oxychlorides), about 11-13% of a weight loss happened in the case of LaOCl, NdOCl and GdOCl, and all the oxychlorides were converted to their oxides i.e. La 2 O 3 , Nd 2 O 3 and Gd 2 O 3 at a high temperature and oxygen atmosphere.

Ciclopirox olamine shampoo appears to offer an effective, safe and easy to use treatment for mild to moderate dandruff.

The heat shock response is a highly conserved reaction common to all cells and organisms. It has been reported that hyperthermic treatment can induce the expression of the heat shock protein (HSP) and can protect cells from ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of induced HSP70 on resistance to UV radiation. G361 amelanotic human melanoma cells were irradiated with increasing doses of UVB. UVB irradiation caused apoptotic cell death in these cells. Following transfection with MFG.hsp70.puro plasmid, the expression of HSP70 was determined. Compared to control vector-transfected cells, hsp70-transfected cells showed significantly elevated levels of HSP70 and were highly resistant to UVB irradiation. In order to investigate the effects of HSP70 on the apoptotic pathway, the changes in caspase-3 and PARP were analyzed. Following UVB irradiation, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were observed in control vector-transfected cells, and the changes in these molecules were inhibited in the hsp70-transfected cells. These results suggest that UVB-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is accompanied by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, which can be prevented by an overexpression of HSP70.

The molten salt waste from the pyroprocess is one of the problematic wastes to directly apply a conventional process such as vitrification or ceramization. This study suggested a novel method using a reactive material for metal chlorides at a molten temperature of salt waste, and then converting them into manageable product at a high temperature. The inorganic composite, SAP (SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5), synthesized by a conventional sol-gel process has three or four distinctive domains that are bonded sequentially, Si-O-Si-O-A-O-P-O-P. The P-rich phase in the SAP composite is unstable for producing a series of reactive sites when in contact with a molten LiCl salt. After the reaction, metal aluminosilicate, metal aluminophosphate, metal phosphates and gaseous chlorines are generated. From this process, the volatile salt waste is stabilized and it is possible to apply a high temperature process. The reaction products were fabricated successfully by using a borosilicate glass with an arbitrary composition as a chemical binder. There was a low possibility for the valorization of radionuclides up to 1200 degrees C, based on the result of the thermo gravimetric analysis. The Cs and Sr leach rates by the PCT-A method were about 1 x 10(-3) g/(m2 day). For the final disposal of the problematic salt waste, this approach suggested the design concept of an effective stabilizer for metal chlorides and revealed the chemical route to the fabrication of monolithic wasteform by using a composite as an example. Using this method, we could obtain a higher disposal efficiency and lower waste volume, compared with the present immobilization methods.

No abstract