Characteristics of Oxidation Reaction of Rare-earth Chlorides for Precipitation in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt by Oxygen Sparging

CHO, Yong-Jun; Yang, Hee-Chul; Eun, Hee-Chul; Kim, Eung-Ho; Kim, Intae

doi:10.3327/jnst.43.1280

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…17,18) In the case of the lanthanide oxides, they showed nearly the same reflection positions and also the same crystalline structure, namely, cubic. 19,20) These results were exactly the same as those of the individual case: 9) Nd and Gd were precipitated as oxychlorides and Ce as oxide. Therefore, it is clear that the form of the lanthanide precipitate by a reaction with oxygen in the molten chloride salt is independent of the number of lanthanides.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Minimization of Eutectic Salt Waste from Pyroprocessing by Oxidative Precipitation of Lanthanides

Cho

Park

Yang

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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A lab-scale lanthanide precipitation apparatus, which has a 4 kg/batch size, was installed and tested. By using this lab-scale apparatus, cooxidative precipitation experiments of lanthanides were carried out. As lanthanides, 8 rare-earth elements (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) were used. By a reaction with oxygen, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd were converted to their oxychloride form (REOCl) and Ce, Pr, and Y to their oxide form (REO 2 , RE 2 O 3 ). Since these lanthanide oxides or oxychlorides are nearly insoluble to eutectic salt, they were all precipitated by a free settling at the bottom, where about 7 h of precipitation time was required. It was found that under the conditions of 750 C salt temperature, a 12 h sparging time, and 5 L/min oxygen sparging rate, all the used rare-earth elements showed over 99% oxidation efficiency. However, in the case of 800 C temperature, they show over 99% conversion efficiency only after 6 h.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The oxidative precipitation step by using an oxygen sparging method 9,10) is one of the most important steps among the eutectic salt waste treatment steps referred to in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimization of Eutectic Salt Waste from Pyroprocessing by Oxidative Precipitation of Lanthanides

Cho

Park

Yang

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…3,4) Vacuum distillation has been studied to separate radionuclides from waste molten salt such as LiCl, KCl, and NaCl. 5,6) Removal of a high-volatility salt from relatively low-volatility metals such as rare earths and TRUs was easily done by vacuum distillation at high temperatures. However, salt distillation experiments revealed some difficulties in recovering vaporized salt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed Chamber Salt Distillation System for an Enhanced Recovery of Evaporated Pure Salt

Yang¹,

Eun²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…[1][2][3] During pyroprocessing, amounts of waste salts (LiCl-KCl eutectic, NaCl-KCl eutectic or LiCl melts) containing chlorides of TRU and FPs (e.g., alkali, alkaline-earth, and rareearth FPs) are generated. 4,5) These fission products are highly radioactive. Thus, they must be disposed as durable waste forms that are compatible with the environment inside a geologic repository for thousands of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various research studies have been undertaken to remove fission products from waste molten salts by dry methods, such as an ion-exchange column method using a zeolite-A column, 6) an oxide precipitation method by oxidant addition 7) or oxygen sparging, 4) and a phosphate precipitation method. 8) Cesium can be removed from a waste molten salt by an ion-exchange process, which is currently being tested with various double phosphate salts and related compounds as possible ion-exchange materials for cesium removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate Reaction of Alkaline-Earth Element by Carbonate Agent Injection Method

CHO¹,

Yang²,

Eun³

et al. 2008

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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The carbonate reaction of some alkaline-earth chlorides was investigated by a carbonate agent injection method in LiCl-KCl eutectic salts containing both SrCl 2 and BaCl 2 and LiCl molten salts containing SrCl 2 . The effects of the injected molar ratio of a carbonate agent (Li 2 CO 3 or K 2 CO 3 ) and the temperature (450-750 C) on the conversion efficiencies of the strontium and barium chloride to their carbonates were determined. The forms of strontium and barium carbonate resulting from the carbonate reaction with carbonate agents were identified by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. In these experiments, the carbonate agent injection method can carbonate strontium and barium chlorides effectively at over 99% under LiCl-KCl eutectic and LiCl molten salt conditions. For LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salts, carbonation efficiency was more favorable in the case of K 2 CO 3 injection than in the case of Li 2 CO injection, where strontium and barium were carbonated in the form of Ba 0:5 Sr 0:5 CO 3 . For LiCl molten salts, strontium was carbonated in the form of SrCO 3 by Li 2 CO 3 injection.

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Characteristics of Oxidation Reaction of Rare-earth Chlorides for Precipitation in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt by Oxygen Sparging

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Minimization of Eutectic Salt Waste from Pyroprocessing by Oxidative Precipitation of Lanthanides

Minimization of Eutectic Salt Waste from Pyroprocessing by Oxidative Precipitation of Lanthanides

Closed Chamber Salt Distillation System for an Enhanced Recovery of Evaporated Pure Salt

Carbonate Reaction of Alkaline-Earth Element by Carbonate Agent Injection Method

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