El burnout, o síndrome de quemarse en el trabajo, ha alcanzado proporciones epidé-micas en el mundo laboral. Dadas las graves consecuencias que este fenómeno tiene, tanto para la salud de los trabajadores, como para el buen funcionamiento de las organizaciones se han propuesto varias formas de tratamiento entre las que priman las estrategias individualizadas. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha hecho evidente la necesidad de modificar las variables relacionadas con los estresores vinculados al puesto de trabajo. Los doctores Leiter y Maslach (2000) elaboraron un procedimiento para evaluar las áreas de riesgo de burnout en una organización e iniciar, con los datos resultantes, un programa de intervención encaminado a transformar las condiciones de la empresa y disminuir con ello la probabilidad de que aparezca el burnout. El objetivo del presente artículo es la presentación de dicho procedimiento y discutir sus características frente a otros tipos de intervención.Palabras clave: Síndrome de quemarse en el trabajo, burnout, estrés laboral, salud, prevención, afrontamiento. Preventing burnout in organizations:The preventing cbeckup of Leiter and Maslach (2000) Burnout is reaching epidemic proportions in the workplace. Several empirical studies of the effect of stress and burnout on health have shown serious consequences for workers and organizations. Until now, most of the intervention programs in reducing the effects of burnout were individual and focused on person's crisis. During the last years it has been more evident the need to transform variables related to the working conditions itself, specially in those v^rorkplaces where the risk of burnout v^rere probably to occur. Leiter and Maslach (2000) developed a procedure to evalúate the risky áreas of the organization and start, with the result of an evaluation and intervention program aimed to change those organizational conditions and to diminish the probability of burnout. The objective of this article is to present this intervention procedure and to discuss its characteristics in contrast to other ways of intervention.
We show the first exploratory results on the Symptom Checklist SCL-90-R used in a clinical sample assessed and treated in the Applied Psychology Service of the UNED. The sample was composed by of 87 subjects (60,9% men and 39,1% women) with a mean age of 36,25 years. Women scored significantly higher in many scales and so did in the tree global severity indexes. On the other hand, there were no differences on age. The results found show apropiate psychometric properties. The instrument is sensitive to changes produced after a psychological intervention but the profiles studied and its relatively concordance with the clinical diagnosis suggest the use of the instrument is more a screening test than a diagnosis.
Aceptado 15-11-03 We present a case to show the therapeutical techniques used in the treatment of nonspecific anxiety as well as their effectiveness. The patient was a 46-year-old woman who displayed the following clinical features: high activation when she was angry, anticipations of negative social valuation and depressive symptoms characterized by a low self-concept, guiltiness, as well as a deficit in getting satisfying rewards. The assessment instruments used were The Revised Symptom CheckList (SCL-90-R, Derogatis; 2000), adapted for Spanish population by González y cols. (1988), The Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety (ISRA, Miguel-Tobal and Cano-Vindel; 1994), Beck Depression Inventory (BOl, Beck y cols., 1961) adapted and validated for its use with Spanish population by Sanz and Vázquez (1997). The DSM-IV criteria were also used to diagnose Anxiety disorder not otherwise specific. The therapy took place within 5 months in which different techniques were applied: Time organization, Cognitive restructuring, techniques from operating conditioning to improve her Abstraet mayor aceptación de los demás y recuperar su capacidad de disfrute. Por otra parte, los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de post-tratamiento corroboran la mejoría percibida de la paciente señalando una reducción sustancial de la sintomatología inicial.
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