Background and Objectives:Variety of pathological factors including viral hepatitis, alcohol and drug abuse, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases and congenital abnormalities can cause hepatic injury. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver diseases, however, it faces several difficulties. So the aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the liver structure in carbon tetra chloride CCL4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.Materials and Results:BM-MSCs were isolated and characterized from long bones of twenty male albino rats. Sixty female rats were divided into the following two groups: Group I; thirty rats which were the control group. Group II; thirty rats were injected intra-peritoneal (IP) by CCL4 twice weekly for four weeks and was further subdivided into the following three subgroups: Subgroup IIA (CCL4 alone); included ten rats which were sacrificed after this four weeks. Subgroup IIB (CCL4/MSCs); included ten rats which were IP injected by a single dose of BM-MSCs and were sacrificed after four weeks. Subgroup IIC (CCL4/recovery); included ten rats which were left for another four weeks without any intervention. Histological examination of liver specimens showed that CCl4 caused variable pathological changes with elevated liver enzymes. Injection of BM-MSCs revealed an improvement in the histological picture of the liver and its enzymatic profile. On the other hand, most of the pathological lesion were still detected in rats of recovery group.Conclusions:BM-MSC could restore the liver structure and function in experimental model of liver fibrosis.
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Background and ObjectivesBone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been proposed as effective treatment of many diseases owing to their unique ability to differentiate into other cell types in vivo. Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection is characterized by hepatic granuloma formation around schistosome eggs at acute stage of infection, followed by hepatic fibrosis at chronic and advanced stages. Whether BM-MSCs have an ameliorative effect on hepatic tissue injury caused by S. mansoni infection or not, was inspected in the current study.Materials and ResultsFemale Swiss Albino mice were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Half of control animals served as donors for bone marrow stem cells, and the other half was used to collect liver samples. Experimental group was injected with circariae of S. mansoni, and then subdivided into three subgroups; Subgroup B1, sacrificed after eight weeks of infection without treatment, subgroup B2, received BM-MSCs at the eighth week and sacrificed four weeks later, and subgroup B3, was untreated till the twelfth week of infection. Histological examination of liver samples showed the formation of granulomas and liver fibrosis which were extensive in subgroup B3. However, treated subgroup illustrated improvement of liver histology, signs of hepatocytes regeneration, and possible contribution of oval cell in the process of hepatic and biliary regeneration.ConclusionBM-MSCs decreased liver fibrosis and contributed to an increase in oval cells, generation of new hepatocytes and/or to the improvement of resident hepatocytes in S. mansoni infected mice.
Background: Hepatosplenomegaly is a characteristic feature of Schistosoma infestation. However, splenic injury had received little scientific researches than the well-known liver injury. Moreover, the role of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in treatment of splenic injury due to schistosomiasis has not yet been investigated. Aim of the work: To explore the structural changes which might occur to spleen during chronic infestation with schistosomiasis and the possible therapeutic role of (BMMSCs) in ameliorating these changes. Materials & Methods: Fifty female Swiss Albino mice, weighing about 25 gm were classified into group A (control group) and group B (experimental group). Animals in group A were equally subdivided into subgroup AI which served as donors for stem cells obtained from their bone marrow, and subgroup AII which were injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and used to collect control spleen samples. Whereas, animals in group B, were all infected with S. mansoni cercariae (60/ mouse) by subcutaneous injection, then subdivided into three subgroups; subgroup BI sacrificed after eight weeks, subgroup BII treated intraperitoneally with 2x106 MSCs suspended in PBS per mouse at eighth week after infestation hen scarified four weeks later, and subgroup BIII allowed to survive for twelve weeks without treatment then sacrificed. Results: Histological examination of spleen sections of subgroup BI showed structural changes including deposition of eggs which were surrounded by inflammatory cells and collagen fibers. Subgroup BIII showed more extensive structural changes. This was associated with significant increase in collagen fibers and TNF-α immunological reaction compared to control. However, (BMMSCs) treated subgroup BII illustrated improvement of splenic structure. Conclusions: Chronic Schistosoma mansoni infestation has a deleterious effect on the structure of the spleen. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells have a relevant therapeutic potential on the spleen of an animal model of Schistosoma mansoni.
Background:Nicotine and caffeine are pharmacologically active substances that consumed widely in the whole world. Most of the nicotine users also consume caffeine. Smokers tend to drink more coffee than nonsmokers. It is important to characterize these substances with regard to their effects on the histological and immunohistological structure.Objectives:The objective of the study is to assess the impact of combined administration of nicotine and caffeine on histological structure of the skeletal muscle tissue in the adult male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods:Twenty adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200–250 g were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, nicotine, caffeine, and combined (nicotine + caffeine). The diaphragm muscle was processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain, histochemically by periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemically by anti-CD68 antibodies.Results:After injected nicotine, thick basement membrane with apparent increase in the positive CD68 macrophages inbetween the diaphragm muscle fibers. After injected caffeine, there was an apparent accumulation of mononuclear cells around some fibers with decrease in the PAS positive fibers. Combined injected (nicotine + caffeine) group, some fibers exhibited deep acidophilic cytoplasm with flat peripheral nuclei and apparent increase of the CD68 positive cells. There was an increase in PAS positive material around fibers appearing as a thick basement membrane.Conclusions:The present study proved that caffeine and nicotine either taken alone or in combination have many negative impacts on the active type of skeletal muscles like diaphragm leading to degenerative changes that may affect their function.
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