BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common complications that occur during pregnancy. Early intervention is essential to prevent the development of the disease in the nonpregnant state but also helpful in preventing the occurrence of GDM. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercises on insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma glucose level in pregnant women with risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty multigravidae women between 20-24 weeks of gestation with risk for GDM were randomly selected (age range was 25-35 years), body mass index ranged from 30-35 kg/m². Women were divided into two equal groups: intervention group (A), which followed an aerobic exercise program in the form of walking on treadmill, three times weekly until the end of 37 weeks of gestation in addition to diet control. Control group (B) which received diet control with usual care given by obstetricians and midwives. Evaluation of the women in both groups was carried out before and after treatment program through assessment of fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. RESULTS: There was a highly statistically significance decrease in fasting blood glucose level, fasting insulin level in both groups where the p value was 0.0001 favoring group (A). CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity of aerobic exercises were effective in reducing fasting blood glucose level and fasting insulin level in pregnant women with risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.

There is an effect of pregnancy on plantar pressure distribution as well as weight symmetry which should be considered when designing an antenatal program.

Aim of the study: In athletes, groin pain-related adductor strain is a common problem in sports medicine, like groin injuries, so the study investigated the effect of Photobiomodulation (905 nm) and Trigger Band Technique (TBT) on handball athletes' groin adductor strain. Methods: Forty handball athletes with adductor groin strain were divided into an experimental group (A) that received Diode laser 905nm, TBT, and medical treatment, while control group (B) received sham laser with TBT and medical treatment for four weeks. Outcome measures investigated Copenhangen hip and groin outcome score, pressure algometry, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Results: Both groups showed a significant improvement in the post-treatment outcome measures, where experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group with p-value >0.05. Conclusion: results imply that treatment of handball athlete's groin adductor strain by TBT and low-level laser is more effective than TBT alone.

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