Insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose response to aerobic exercise in pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus

Embaby, Heba; Elsayed, Enas; Fawzy, Mohamed S

doi:10.4314/ejhs.v26i5.2

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is supported by the literature showing that moderate maternal physical activity during gestation is associated with an increase in placental size and function and higher blood volume (Clapp, 2006), which may explain the increase in lean mass (Bisson et al, 2017). Moreover, endurance training during pregnancy is known to improve insulin sensitivity and to reduce circulating insulin levels in mothers (Embaby et al, 2016). Although we did not measure circulating growth factor or insulin levels in our study, others have reported increased body mass and plasma IGF1 concentrations in fetuses from mothers that exercised prior to and during pregnancy compared with those from sedentary mothers (Mangwiro et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Maternal exercise before and during gestation modifies liver and muscle mitochondria in rat offspring

Farida

Dubouchaud

Hininger

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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It is now well established that the intrauterine environment is of major importance for offspring health during later life. Endurance training during pregnancy is associated with positive metabolic adjustments and beneficial effects on the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (redox state) in the offspring. Our hypothesis was that these changes could rely on mitochondrial adaptations in the offspring due to modifications of the fetal environment induced by maternal endurance training. Therefore, we compared the liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and the redox status of young rats whose mothers underwent moderate endurance training (treadmill running) before and during gestation (T) with those of young rats from untrained mothers (C). Our results show a significant reduction in the spontaneous H 2 O 2 release by liver and muscle mitochondria in the T versus C offspring (P<0.05). These changes were accompanied by alterations in oxygen consumption. Moreover, the percentage of short-chain fatty acids increased significantly in liver mitochondria from T offspring. This may lead to improvements in the fluidity and the flexibility of the membrane. In plasma, glutathione peroxidase activity and protein oxidation were significantly higher in T offspring than in C offspring (P<0.05). Such changes in plasma could represent an adaptive signal transmitted from mothers to their offspring. We thus demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is possible to act on bioenergetic function including alterations of mitochondrial function in offspring by modifying maternal physical activity before and during pregnancy. These changes could be crucial for the future health of the offspring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Maternal exercise before and during gestation modifies liver and muscle mitochondria in rat offspring

Farida

Dubouchaud

Hininger

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Ebert et al [ 29 ] observed that homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) remains as a positive predictor of irisin serum concentrations. It should be underlined that physical activity of moderate to high intensity significantly decreases insulin resistance in pregnant women [ 30 ]. We can assume that physical activity removes the potential cause for higher secretion of irisin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exercise-Induced Irisin Is Associated with Improved Levels of Glucose Homeostasis Markers in Pregnant Women Participating in 8-Week Prenatal Group Fitness Program: A Pilot Study

Szumilewicz

Worska

Piernicka

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Background Both exercise and pregnancy influence serum irisin concentration. Aim To determine how the interaction of pregnancy and exercise affects irisin level and whether various patterns of exercise adherence had different effect on irisin concentration. Methods It was a one-group pretest-posttest study among 9 Caucasian nulliparous healthy women in normal pregnancy (age 23 ± 3 years, 21 ± 2 weeks of gestation; mean ± SD) who participated in 8-week group fitness program. Before and after exercise intervention, we determined serum concentrations of irisin and selected parameters of lipid profile and glucose homeostasis markers. Results In active women, irisin slightly decreased with the development of pregnancy. After 8 weeks of exercising, irisin correlated negatively with fasting glucose (R = −0.922; p = 0.001), glycated hemoglobin (R = −0.784; p = 0.012), and insulin concentrations (R = −0.845; p = 0.004). In women exercising below recommended level, we observed a significant drop in irisin concentration, whereas in women exercising at least three times a week this myokine slightly increased (31% difference; 90% confidence limits ±28; a large, clear effect). Conclusions Irisin stimulated by prenatal exercise may improve glucose homeostasis markers in healthy women and compensate for metabolic changes induced by pregnancy. Moreover, the frequency of exercise may regulate the changes in exercise-induced irisin concentration.

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“…Regarding aerobic exercise, the study found that aerobic exercise improves glycemic control, [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] insulin sensitivity, [105][106][107] insulin action, 70 body composition, 99 quality-of-life, 108 physical capacity, 99 nerve function, 109 functional capacity, 110 and cardiorespiratory fitness, 101,111 reduces insulin resistance, 97,112,113 insulin levels, 96 lipid profile, 97 BP, 97,100 cardiovascular risk, 106 hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, 95,111 and waist circumstances, 100 and modulates inflammatory cytokine levels 113 and adipocytokines 113 in T2DM patients.…”

Section: Management Of T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes</p>

Wake¹

2020

DMSO

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Despite the improvements in clinical care of the patients, research updates, and public health interventions, there is still an increase in the prevalence, incidence, and mortality because of diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It has increased alarmingly, putting this disease in the dimension of an epidemic. Diabetes is associated with several complications which increase the risk of many serious health problems on the other side. Therefore, this review was aimed to discuss the antidiabetic effects of physical activity (PA) on type 2 DM (T2DM) by summarizing the significant studies on this topic. This review found that several studies have recommended the utilization of PA for the effective management of T2DM. PA is a non-pharmacologic therapy which is a significant strategy for the management of T2DM and is an appropriate lifestyle modification approach to be practiced by these patients. The studies showed that PA has antidiabetic effects which are evidenced by its substantial role in improving the blood glucose (BG) levels of the individuals with T2DM where it helps them to control their levels of glucose in the blood. It plays a significant role in glycemic control of this disease by lowering the BG levels through possible mechanisms such as decreasing insulin resistance, increasing production of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), lowering visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increasing pancreatic β-cell functions, using glucose for energy, and so on. In turn, the controlled glycemia helps to prevent the complications associated with uncontrolled T2DM and this would further improve the overall health of the patients and the burden on the health professionals as well. Finally, this review concludes that PA is the cornerstone in the management of T2DM. It also suggests that more attention is needed to its significance in the prevention, glycemic control, and its role in the management of the morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM. Practical PA recommendations and suggestions for the future direction of research in this area are also provided.

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Insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose response to aerobic exercise in pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Maternal exercise before and during gestation modifies liver and muscle mitochondria in rat offspring

Maternal exercise before and during gestation modifies liver and muscle mitochondria in rat offspring

The Exercise-Induced Irisin Is Associated with Improved Levels of Glucose Homeostasis Markers in Pregnant Women Participating in 8-Week Prenatal Group Fitness Program: A Pilot Study

<p>Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes</p>

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