-This paper describes the strategy which achieved European Working Time Directive (EWTD) compliance at the Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust in medicine and surgery. Compliance with EWTD regulations was assessed by diary card exercise, clinical care assessed through critical incident reports, electronic handover documents and nursing reports, training opportunities assessed by unit training directors, cost controls assessed by finance department analysis, and workload assessed by staff attendance on wards, in casualty and in theatres. There was a change in focus of care to a consultant-led, specialist registrar-(SpR-)driven service extending into evenings and on weekends, coupled with a move to a multi-skilled team for night cover, and to a move from traditional on-call shifts to a full shift system across both medicine and surgery. Compliance with the EWTD was achieved whilst maintaining good standards of clinical care, ensuring training opportunities for doctors in training, controlling payroll costs, removing the need for locums, and reducing workload for both junior doctors and consultants.
In this paper, we report our recently developed 1 cm2, 15 kV SiC p-GTO with an extremely low differential on-resistance (RON,diff) of 4.08 mΩ•cm2 at a high injection-current density (JAK) of 600 ~ 710 A/cm2. The 15 kV SiC p-GTO was built on a 120 μm, 2×1014/cm3 doped p-type SiC drift layer with a device active area of 0.521 cm2. Forward conduction of the 15 kV SiC p-GTO was characterized at 20°C and 200°C. Over this temperature range, the RON,diff at JAK of 600 ~ 710 A/cm2 decreased from 4.08 mΩ•cm2 at 20°C to 3.45 mΩ•cm2 at JAK of 600 ~ 680 A/cm2 at 200°C. The gate to cathode blocking voltage (VGK) was measured using a customized high-voltage test set-up. The leakage current at a VGK of 15 kV were measured 0.25 µA and 0.41 µA at 20°C and 200°C respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.