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Nowadays pharmaceutical industries and regulatory authorities suggest new approaches such as Quality by Design principles to reduce experiments of formulation studies, improve product quality, save cost and time. SeDeM Expert System is a predictive approach for the preformulation studies and it provides information about suitability of API for direct compression by evaluating 12 parameters. The system also allows selecting appropriate excipients by determining same parameters to improve compressibility of API. The objective of this study was to develop direct compressed memantine orally disintegrating tablets using SeDeM Expert System. Memantine was found to have poor flow and compressibility properties. Three different direct compressibility and super disintegrating agents (Ludiflash, Ludipress and Parteck) were used to improve compressibility of memantine and according to SeDeM diagrams, Parteck was selected for final formulation. Memantine direct compressed tablets showed proper friability, hardness and thickness. The disintegration time of the tables were found below 15 s which was suitable for ODTs. It was found that SeDeM Expert System was easy to use and application of this method provided to develop memantine direct compressed ODT formulation was successful.

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Objectives Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has gained importance worldwide recently as a novel drug manufacturing technology. 3DP technologies are suitable in the pharmaceutical field because of having the potential in personalized medicine. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the use of 3DP technologies in pharmaceutical area, their working principles and critical process parameters. In addition, this review presents an innovative approach that evaluates the use of 3DP technologies on disease to disease. Key findings This review covers the potential use of 3DP technologies in different diseases by evaluating them on a research basis. These diseases can be summarized as cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, oncological, inflammatory, vaginal, dermatological and other diseases. It has been focussed on manuscripts that published after 2015. Studies on the use of 3DP in each disease group have been systematically reviewed by considering the methods, types of printers used and the prepared dosage forms. Oral formulations (tablets and films), implants, topical systems and vaccines are some of the examples of the mentioned dosage forms. Summary This review presented a systematic and novel overview of the use of 3DP in the treatment of different clinical disorders.

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