Objective:To examine the occurrence frequency of auto-antibodies and autoimmune diseases in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C.Methods:A total of 67 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B and 77 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C infection based on HBs Ag, Anti HCV, HBe Ag, Anti HBe Ag, HBV DNA, HCV RNA, liver ultrasound, and liver biopsy results as well as 48 healthy individuals were included in this study. ANA, anti dsDNA, anti LKM, Anti-SMA, AMA, C-ANCA, P-ANCA, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Scl-70, anti Jo-1, anti-U1snRNP, anti-centromere, anti-Jo-1, anti tpo, and anti tg were studied in all individuals in each study group.Results:ANA positivity was detected in 8 (12%), 15 (19%) and 2 (4%) individuals in HBV, HCV and control groups, respectively. The difference between the groups was significant (P=0.04). Similarly, anti Tg was positive in one subject in HBV group, in 6 subjects (7%) in HCV group, and in one subject among controls, the difference being significant (P=0.04). There were no significant differences between the study groups in the frequency of other auto-antibodies.Conclusion:Similar to studies involving patients who received interferon and/or antiviral agents, an increased frequency of auto-antibodies was also detected in our patient group consisting of interferon and anti-viral naive subjects. The increase in the frequency of auto-antibodies reached statistical significance among individuals with HCV infection. Thus, pre-treatment assessment of auto-antibodies in newly diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection may provide beneficial information on the future occurrence of auto-immune responses in these patients.

Objective: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a globally prevalent zoonotic disease. Methods: Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and follow-up data of patients between May 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed by screening data from a hospital automation system. Results: A total of 238 (females, n=139 and males, n=99) patients with a mean age of 40.6±20.58 years were included. Less than half (40.8%) of the patients were living in the countryside. Hepatic involvement of CE was most frequently (72.2%) seen. A majority (75.6%) of the patients were symptomatic, but abdominal pain was the most frequently seen symptom. For diagnosis, in all patients, imaging modalities were used, while in 66% of the patients, serological methods were also employed. The patients received both medical and surgical treatments (78.5%, n=187), only surgical treatment (10.5%, n=25), or only medical treatment (8.8%, n=21). Surgical treatment was performed for patients with hepatic (n=139/176, 80.6%), pulmonary (n=78/94, 82.9%), splenic (n=7/9; 77.7%), and mesenteric (n=6/7, 85.1%) cysts, and patients cases with brain, bone, muscle, omentum, bladder, and adrenal cysts had undergone surgical intervention. Conclusion: Publication of regional data is important in terms of epidemiological considerations and may aid in the formulation of standard treatment approaches. En sık tutulan organ karaciğer (%72,2) idi. Hastaların %75,6'sı semptomatik olup en sık görülen semptom karın ağrısı idi. Tanıda tüm hastalarda görüntüleme yöntemine başvurulurken, %66' sında serolojik yöntem de kullanılmıştı. Hastaların % 78,5'i (n=187) hem medikal hem cerrahi tedavi, %10,5'i (n=25) yalnız cerrahi tedavi, %8,8'i (n=21) ise yalnız medikal tedavi almıştı. Karaciğer tutulumu saptanan 173 hastanın %80,6'sına (n=139), akciğer tutulumu saptanan 94 hastanın %82,9'una (n=78), dalakta tutulum saptanan 9 hastanın %77,7' sine (n=7), mesenterde kist saptanan 7 hastanın %85,1'ine (n=6); beyin, kemik, kas, omentum, mesane ve sürrenalde kist saptananların ise tümüne cerrahi uygulandığı tespit edildi. Sonuç: Bölgesel verilerin yayınlanması, epidemiyolojik açıdan önem taşıdığı gibi standart tedavi algoritmalarının oluşturulmasına yardımcı olabilir.

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ÖZMetoklopramid çeşitli gastrointestinal semptomların tedavisinde kullanılan dopamin reseptör antagonisti olan bir ilaçtır. Akut distonik reaksiyonlar genellikle bukkolingual, tortikollis, okülojirik ve/veya opistotonik şekillerde olmaktadır. Okülojirik kriz, metoklopramidin nadir rastlanan bir yan etkisidir.Bu makalede, tedavi dozunda metoklopramid kullanmakta iken, okülojirik kriz gelişen bir olgu sunulmuştur. Akut distoni ile acil servise başvuran hastalarda, sık kullanılan bir antiemetik olan metoklopramidin yan etkisinin olabileceği unutulmamalı ve bu durumda, hastalarda mutlaka ilaç kullanım öyküsü sorgulanmalıdır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Metoklopramid; okülojirik kriz; yan etki. ABSTRACTMetoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist drug that has been used for treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms. Acute dystonic reactions usually present themselves as buccolingual, torticollis, oculogyric, and/or opisthotonic forms. Oculogyriccrisis, are rare side effects of metoclopramide. In this article, a case was presented with oculogyric crisis while using therapeutic dose of metoclopramide. It should be kept in mind that metoclopramide, a commonly used antie¬metic in patients referred to the emergency service with acute dystonia, might have side effects. In this setting, a history of medication use must be examined from the patients, absolutely.

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radiological information were examined and recorded retrospectively. Comparisons were carried out between the characteristics of patients with a prognosis of death and those who recovered. Results:Of the 500 definite COVID-19 cases included in the study, 53.8% were male and the mean age was 57.6±15.1 (18-88 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A total of 45 (9%) patients developed mortality. Factors such as advanced age, male gender, shortness of breath, fever at admission, comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, lymphopenia, high C-reactive protein, high D-dimer, and high ferritin in the laboratory were found to be important risk factors for mortality. Treatments such as hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir were not found to have lower mortality rates than one another. Conclusion:Considering these elements when assessing patients and adjusting the course of treatment according to the recommendations of the most recent guidelines may lower mortality.

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