Lamiaceae is one of the most widespread families in Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine antialzheimer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antiobesity activities of ethanol extracts of Lamium purpureum var. purpureum, Origanum onites, Salvia sclarea, S. virgata and Thymus zygioides var. lycaonius. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities were tested for the determination of the activity of these extracts. Furthermore, total antioxidant, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, metalchelating and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine radical scavenging assays were utilized to screen antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content of the extracts were also calculated. Among the tested extracts, T. zygioides var. lycaonius aerial part extract (85.28 ± 0.89 %) showed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. The inhibitory activities of all extracts against α-amylase were lower than 50 %. S. sclarea leaf extract indicated remarkable butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (51.76 ± 1.04 %), but all of the plant extracts were inactive against acetylcholinesterase. The Salvia species showed the highest total antioxidant activity. S. sclarea flower (1.34 ± 0.08) and leaf (1.34 ± 0.08) extracts showed the highest ferric-reducing antioxidant power activities. Our findings indicated that O. onites, S. sclarea, S. virgata, and T. zygioides var. lycaonius extracts showed valuable inhibitory activity and emerged as the sources of possible α-glucosidase inhibitors for future studies.
In vitro antidiabetic effects of seven Turkish and five Sri Lankan black tea (Camelia sinensis) samples collected from Turkish market were investigated through enzyme inhibition assays. Foreign matter, non-oxidized particles, water soluble matter, loss on drying and total ash values were determined and compared with the Turkish Food Codex-Tea Notification and found to be compliant with the standards. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, caffeine, gallic acid and rutin amounts of tea samples were measured. Ultra-pressure liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC-TOF-MS) was used to compare the major compounds of tea samples. All tea samples had potent inhibition against alpha glucosidase (>100-97.86% at 3 mg/ml). Water soluble matters of Sri Lankan teas are higher than them of Turkish samples (except TL1). Caffeine amount of the Sri Lankan tea samples were approximately twice of Turkish black tea samples. Sixteen common compounds were identified in tea samples by UPLC-TOF-MS.
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