Phosphonium-based ionic liquids with natural organic derived anions were easily prepared and showed good performance and recyclability in Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation processes at room temperature under atmospheric H2 pressure.

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Conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to allyl Baylis-Hillman acetates 1 in the presence of NaOH (0.6 N) in THF gave 2-alkylidene-4-nitro ketones 2 with total stereoselectivity, which were further converted via the Nef reaction into the corresponding 1,4-diketones 3 in fair to good yields.

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