Addition of amlodipine to iron chelators has beneficial effects for reduction of iron loading in patients with thalassemia major. This combination therapy seems safe.

The results suggest that TXA is safe and effective to reduce bleeding and use of factor concentrates in VWD patients. In addition, TXA therapy can decrease bleeding in GT patients.

Background: Children with pollakiuria have extraordinary daytime urinary frequency, which means urination every 15 to 20 minutes per day, without nocturnal enuresis, urinary incontinence, dysuria, and UTIs. This can be associated with developmental disorders. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of Pollakiuria on developmental disorders. Methods: A total of 224 individuals were included in this study. The age range was 5 to 7 years old and 70 patients with Pollakiuria were allocated to the case group and 154 healthy individuals were included in the control group. Height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured and were compatible with gender and age. The following information was also recorded, personal and social development,

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Background: Based on the evidence, the correction of zinc deficiency in patients with nephrotic syndrome may improve the prognosis of these patients. Objectives: So this study aimed to investigate the serum zinc level in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 102 children with nephrotic syndrome. After obtaining informed consent, we collected data regarding age, gender, the severity of nephrotic syndrome (mild, moderate, and severe), and serum zinc level. Results: The mean age of the patients was 6.2 ± 3.2 years. The serum zinc level was normal in 12 patients (11.76%), lower than normal in 86 patients (84.31%), and higher than normal in 4 patients (3.92%). Also we observed that, the serum zinc level was significantly lower in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome (31.48 ± 6.8) than in patients with moderate (59.12 ± 5.4) and mild (78.82 ± 4.1) nephrotic syndrome. Conclusions: We can improve the nephrotic syndrome condition of children by correcting their serum zinc levels.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of L-epinephrine plus dexamethasone vs. dexamethasone for treatment of croup in children. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was implemented on 174 patients with croup, aged from 6 months to 6 years, and admitted to the Amir Kabir Pediatric Hospital (Arak, Iran). After randomized allocation, patients were administered dexamethasone, and then, they received either saline or L-epinephrine. Westley croup scores, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were recorded every half an hour for a total of 120 min. There was a significant difference in mean of croup scores between two groups (P < 0.009). In addition, a significant difference was seen on mean of heart rate between two groups (P < 0.026). Our results showed a considerable difference in reduction of velocity of croup scores in patients who received nebulized L-epinephrine compared to patients who received placebo.

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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) as a urological disorder occur in 1% -3% of females and 1% of males. This disease can induce severe complications such as pyelonephritis. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of vitamin C supplementation on UTI in children. Methods: The current clinical trial was conducted on 152 female children with UTI admitted to Amir-Kabir hospital, Arak, Iran. The cases were randomly divided, based on blocked groups, into two treatment and control groups of 76 patients. The subjects were matched in terms of age, gender, and clinical signs and symptoms. The control group received only routine treatment of UTI, while the treatment group, in addition to the routine treatment received oral vitamin C supplementation tablet, for a 14-day period. Results: Dysuria, urine incontinence, fever, urinary urgency, and dribbling occurred significantly earlier in vitamin C supplemented individuals than the control ones, while abdominal pain, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan, and recurrent UTI were not different between the two groups. Conclusions: Vitamin C supplementation can control the symptoms of urinary tract infections, including fever, dysuria, urinary urgency, and dribbling urine.