This paper discusses the influence of the implementation of Islamic law on the legal culture of society in Aceh. This question arises because in the last few years after the enactment of the Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) in 2015 the number of cases of sharia violations in several districts /cities in Aceh shows a fluctuating trend and tends to increase. The implementation of QHJ, with the increasing number of lashes, should be able to reduce the occurrence of violations. Why hasn't QHJ been able to reduce the number of violations? This study uses a political science approach to law with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with open-ended questionare and review of documentation. The results showed that the QHJ was not optimal in creating the legal culture of the Acehnese people. This is because (1) the legal politics of the Aceh Government are not serious in implementing QHJ, (2) there are still many Acehnese people who do not fully understand the contents of the QHJ. It can be concluded that in general the QHJ has not been maximally implemented by the Government of Aceh, especially Aceh Tamiang District and Sabang City due to several constraints including budget, human resource management and policy dissemination. This paper has implications for the change in the orientation of the Aceh Government's political and legal policies to be more comprehensive in implementing Islamic law in the future.Tulisan ini mendiskusikan pengaruh pelaksanaan syariat Islam terhadap budaya hukum masyarakat di Aceh. Pertanyaan ini muncul karena dalam beberapa tahun terakhir setelah diberlakukannya Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) tahun 2015 angka kasus-kasus pelanggaran syariat di beberapa Kabupaten/Kota di Aceh menunjukkan tren yang fluktuatif dan cenderung meningkat. Pemberlakuan QHJ, dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah cambuk, seharusnya mampu menekan terjadinya pelanggaran. Mengapa QHJ belum mampu menekan angka pelanggaran tersebut? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ilmu politik hukum dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dengan open-ended questionare dan telaah dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa QHJ tidak maksimal dalam menciptakan budaya hukum masyarakat Aceh. Hal ini karena (1) politik hukum Pemerintah Aceh tidak serius dalam menjalankan QHJ, (2) masih banyak masyarakat Aceh yang tidak memahami secara menyeluruh isi QHJ tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum QHJ belum secara maksimal diimplementasikan oleh Pemerintah Aceh khususnya Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang dan Kota Sabang karena beberapa kendala baik anggaran, manajemen SDM dan sosialisasi kebijakan. Tulisan ini berimplikasi terhadap perubahan orientasi kebijakan politik hukum Pemerintah Aceh untuk lebih komprehensif dalam pelaksanaan syariat Islam ke depan.
There are two reasons why Tjokroaminoto maintained a cooperative attitude toward the Dutch. First, he was more inspired by the fear of government retaliation than by conviction; at that time, based on Article 111 of the ordinance of 1854, the Dutch government forbade any political association. Second, this attitude could not be separated from the political environment created by the Dutch government. A moderate attitude shown by Governor General Idenburg created a sympathetic attitude among the S.I. leaders toward the Dutch.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.659
Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh melalui putusannya Nomor 07/JN/2016/MS.Aceh membatalkan putusan Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Langsa yang menjatuhkan hukuman cambuk bagi pelaku pelecehan seksual kepada anak. Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah berbeda dengan tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum yang menuntut ‘uqubat (hukuman) penjara selama 90 bulan kepada pelaku karena melakukan pelanggaran terhadap Pasal 47 Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertimbangan hakim membatalkan hukuman cambuk bagi pelaku pelecehan seksual kepada anak dan mengkaji putusan Nomor 07/JN/2016/MS.Aceh terkait terpenuhi kepentingan terbaik kepada anak atau tidak. Kajian ini termasuk penelitian yuridis normatif yang mengkaji tentang asas-asas, kaidah-kaidah hukum sesuai teori-teori yang terdapat dalam ilmu hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan hakim membatalkan hukuman cambuk dalam putusan Nomor 07/JN/2016/MS.Aceh dikarenakan putusan MS Langsa belum memberikan efek jera kepada pelaku, supaya anak tidak berjumpa dengan pelaku karenanya hakim tinggi menghukum dengan hukuman penjara, mementingkan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dan membuatkan pelaku menjadi insaf manakala berada di dalam penjara. Putusan hakim telah memperhatikan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, karena membuat pelaku insaf, menjauhkannya dari anak, sesuai dengan konsep mashlahah murshalah dan adanya pengakuan secara aturan hukum berdasarkan Qanun Aceh Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 tentang Hukum Acara Jinayat dan Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat. Diharapkan kepada hakim yang mengadili kasus pelecehan seksual, dan pemerkosaan pada anak supaya memperberat hukumannya dan mengutamakan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (the best interest of the child) dan masa depannya.Judge of the Court of Syar'iyah of Aceh through its verdict Number 07 / JN / 2016 / MS.Aceh annulled the verdict of the Court of Justice of Syar'iyah Langsa which imposed a whip for the perpetrators of child sexual abuse. The decision of the Court of Syar'iyah is different from that of the Public Prosecutor demanding 'uqubat (punishment) of imprisonment for 90 months to the perpetrator for violating Article 47 Qanun Aceh Number 6 Year 2014 on Jinayat Law. This study aims to determine the judge's consideration of cancellation of punishment for child abuse perpetrators and review the decision No. 07 / JN / 2016 / MS.Aceh related to the best interests of the child or not. This study includes normative juridical research that examines the principles, legal rules according to theories contained in the science of law. The result of the research shows that judge consideration cancels the caning punishment in decision No. 07 / JN / 2016 / MS.Aceh because the decision of MS Langsa has not given deterrent effect to the perpetrator, so that children do not meet with the perpetrator because high judge punish by prison sentence, and make the perpetrator become converted when in prison. The judge's decision has taken into account the best interests of the child, for making the perpetrators convert them away from the children, in accordance with the concept of masshlahah murshalah and the recognition of the rule of law based on Qanun Aceh Number 7 of 2013 on the Law of Jinayat and Qanun Aceh No. 6 of 2014 on Jinayat Law. It is expected that the judge who hears cases of sexual harassment, and rape on the child in order to aggravate the sentence and prioritize the best interest of the child and the future.
Implementation of Islamic law in Aceh is inseparable from its historical context in the history of Islam. Struggle of ideas between religion and state, the influence of the power system and outside the Islamic tradition and social conditions into one format forming Islamic law itself. In addition, the existence of a mujtahid in the struggle also gives an important role. This article will explore specifically about the existence of a mujtahid and their intellectual genealogy in dynasty in Asia, especially the Ottoman and Mughal. This study aims to describe the trip codification of Islamic law in some Muslim region. By doing so, there is the exposure of the expected phases of the codification of Islamic law that can be used as input in the process of implementation of Islamic law in Aceh. Kata kunci: syariat Islam, tipologi, geneologi mujitahid
AbstrakQanun yang berkaitan dengan syariat Islam hanya berlaku bagi umat Islam yang berada di Aceh. Konsepsi ini secara spesifik mengadopsi asas personalitas dan teritorialitas. Namun bila dikaji lebih mendalam, dapat dilihat bahwa pengadopsian kedua asas tersebut ternyata tidak secara total berlaku. Dampak yang muncul bahwa Qanun Hukum Jinayat(QHJ) tetap berlaku bagi umat Islam dan bukan Islam meskipun dengan beberapa persyaratan. Dari sinilah masalah mulai muncul. Tulisan ini atas dasar analisis isi pasal-pasal Qanun Hukum Jinayat menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi Qanun ini khususnya yang mengatur tentang kedudukan non muslim di Aceh. Data primer dalam tulisan ini adalah pasal-pasal dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayat dan ditambah dengan sumber-sumber tulisan lainnya. Ditemukan bahwa pengadopsian kedua asas dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayat seyogyanya tidak menghilangkan prinsip fundamental Islam yang menjunjung tinggi keadilan dan menghargai hak asasi manusia. Kajian mendalam dan komprehensif mutlak diperlukan untuk menghasilkan peraturan yang lebih adil. Kata Kunci: Syari’at Islam, Qanun, Aceh, Non-Muslim
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