One aspect of language appropriation is the inclusion of foreign words in an English text with the aim of highlighting certain aspects of a culture. This results in a text in which the dominant language, English, is interspersed with foreign words. In the context of translation studies, this phenomenon raises the question of how these foreign words are dealt with when the text is translated. This paper aims to examine this issue by analysing the translation into Malay of foreign words in the English novel by Khaled Hosseini entitled A Thousand Splendid Suns. More specifically, the aim is to determine the translation procedures and the translation strategy used. Foreign words in the English text are first identified and then mapped to their translations in the Malay text. Using Pedersen's (2011) taxonomy of strategies in rendering cultural references, the word pairs are analysed in order to determine the translation procedures used. The analysis reveals a total of 174 foreign words in Hosseini's English novel. The mapping of these foreign words to their target language equivalents shows that the procedure used most frequently is retention. In addition, the procedures of retention and specification make up approximately 70 per cent of the procedures used. This in turn points to the adoption of a source-oriented strategy in translating the text. The findings suggest that the translator places priority on faithfulness to the source text; however, measures are also taken by the translator to ensure the comprehensibility of the translation for the target readers.

Footnotes are paratextual elements which appear at the bottom of a page in a text. In translated literary texts, translators may employ footnotes to assist readers in their understanding of the translation. Despite the use of footnotes in literary translation, there are few studies which have looked into their use in translations in Malaysia. This paper thus aims to explore the use of footnotes in a literary translation from English into Malay. More specifically, the aim is to determine the types of words which are footnoted in the Malay translation of the English-language novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, and to determine the information provided in the footnotes. The paper also aims to determine the function served by the footnotes in the translation. To carry out this study, the footnotes in the Malay translation are collected and their content examined. The analysis reveals that the footnotes are generally linked to culture-bound words which are transferred unchanged from the source text to the translation. In terms of their content, the footnotes provide mainly dictionary-like definitions of the foreign words in the Malay translation. As such, the footnotes serve a purely informative function. This paper argues that footnotes must be used judiciously in a translation. Informative footnotes can play an important role in enhancing the readers' understanding of the text and in bringing the text closer to the readers; measures, however, must be taken to ensure the accuracy of the content of the footnotes if they are to benefit the readers.

In fantasy fiction, names play a fundamental role in portraying the characters' personality traits and identity. Names are also sometimes chosen to create certain effects. The fact that names may carry meaning raises the question of how names are dealt with in translation. This issue is especially pertinent in the case of the Harry Potter novels in which many of the names have associative meanings. In view of this, the aim of this study is to determine the procedures used in the translation of some of the proper names in the novel 'Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire' into Malay. The study also aims to discuss the effects resulting from the use of the translation procedures. To carry out the study, the proper names in the novel are first identified based on the definition of proper names by Fernandes (2006). Next, the names are mapped to their Malay counterparts. The procedures for the translation of proper names proposed by Fernandes (2006) are then used to analyse how the names are translated into Malay. Finally, the concept of 'translation loss' by Hervey and Higgins (1992) is used to determine the effects resulting from the use of the translation procedures. The analysis reveals that a number of different procedures are used to translate the names into Malay. The procedures used have resulted in the loss of hidden meanings in the names, the loss of the creative aspect of the names and the loss of the casual style of the original.

Established in 1956 with the main purpose of developing the Malay language, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) has also played a pivotal role in the translation of foreign works into Malay. Very little, however, has been studied in terms of its contribution to the development of translation activities in Malaysia. This paper aims to provide an overview of the translation of foreign novels into Malay by DBP from the time of its inception. A survey was carried out for this purpose. The results show that a total of 72 foreign novels have been translated into Malay and published by DBP. The study was also able to determine specific trends in the translation of foreign novels by DBP. Although limited in scope, this study is believed to be important as it is able to contribute to existing discourse on the history of translation in Malaysia. Keywords: translation, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, publishing, novels, translation history Abstrak Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1956 dengan matlamat utama untuk membina dan mengembangkan bahasa Melayu, sebenarnya juga telah memainkan peranan penting dalam penterjemahan karya asing ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak banyak kajian yang dijalankan yang meneliti sumbangan DBP kepada perkembangan aktiviti penterjemahan di Malaysia. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran tentang penterjemahan novel asing ke dalam bahasa Melayu oleh DBP sejak penubuhannya. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, satu tinjauan dilakukan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa sejumlah 72 buah novel asing telah diterjemahkan dan diterbitkan oleh DBP. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti beberapa kecenderungan dalam penterjemahan novel asing oleh DBP. Walaupun skopnya agak kecil, kajian ini dirasakan penting kerana ia dapat menyumbang kepada wacana sedia ada tentang sejarah penterjemahan di Malaysia. Kata kunci: terjemahan, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, penerbitan, novel, sejarah penterjemahan

One of the most recognisable aspects of Japanese pop culture which has invaded Malaysia is the Japanese comic or manga. It appears in translation in both Malay and English in Malaysia. Taking into account its foreign origin and the fact that translated manga is targeted at a local readership, translators often resort to the use of notes in the translations in order to assist the readers. This study, thus, intends to examine the type of notes used in the Malay and English translations of Japanese manga, and to determine items in the Japanese manga which required clarification and for which notes are provided. To analyse the use of notes by the translator in the translated manga, this study adopts a qualitative content analysis approach. The analysis involves six Japanese manga and their corresponding translations in Malay and English. The findings show that the translators employ the use of three different types of notes in the translation: notes on the image, notes in the gutter and notes at the end of the text. The analysis also shows that the elements in the Japanese manga which require clarification in translation are giongo/gitaigo, inscriptions, culture-specific elements, wordplay, technical terms and honorifics. There is also a minor difference between the Malay and English translations where the use of notes is concerned. Based on the findings, it is concluded that notes are important in translated versions of the manga in Malaysia in that they provide assistance to readers in understanding certain aspects of the manga.

In the context of Malaysia, research in the field of Translation Studies has traditionally focused on the analysis of texts, which often involves a comparison between source texts and their translations. Very little attention is given to the area of the analysis of paratexts, which is not surprising considering that paratexts exist only on the periphery of the text and are therefore thought to be less important. Given the paucity of research in this area, this preliminary study focuses on one type of paratext, which is the translator's preface. More specifically, the aim of this study is to examine the form and content of these introductory notes in translations published in Malaysia and to discuss the functions served by the contents of these notes. For this purpose, translators' prefaces from translations published in Malaysia were collected and examined. The discussion in this paper focuses on the content and functions of the prefaces. It is argued that the translator's preface plays an important role not only in facilitating the reception of the translated text by providing vital information to the readers, but also in making the translator visible and his/her voice heard.

Lexical creativity is one of the ways through which authors of children's literature shape their stories, entertain children and build their identity and style. In spite of their uniqueness, creative lexical items are often replaced with more common words in translation, a phenomenon described through the law of growing standardisation hypothesis. In view of the importance of creative lexical items in children's literature, there is a need to explore how creativity is transferred in the process of translation. This study is carried out to examine the translation of lexical creativity in children's literature from English to Malay. More specifically, the aims of the study are to identify the types of creative lexical items in children's literature in English and to determine how translators transfer creativity from English into Malay. The study also aims to determine whether the hypothesis of the law of growing standardisation applies in the context of the translation of children's literature from English into Malay. The study employs a corpus-based model for research on the translation of creative lexical items. Corpus analysis tools are used to identify different forms of creative lexical items and to identify the translations for these items. Based on the analysis, five types of creative lexical items are identified; many, however, are replaced with common words when translated into Malay, resulting in the loss of unique features of the original works. It is, however, also found that translators compensate for some of these losses by introducing other elements in the Malay translations.

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