Background:Maternal cigarette smoking causes health risks and developmental defects in the offspring. So far, many studies have been conducted to suppress the effects of nicotine. However, the effects of coadministration of vitamin C and nicotine on extracellular matrix have not gained enough attention.Objectives:This study decided to investigate the effects of vitamin C on fibronectin expression in kidneys of mice offspring, treated with nicotine.Materials and Methods:Eighteen female pregnant BALB/c mice were selected; six mice in the experimental group 1 (exp 1) received nicotine (3 mg/kg/day), six mice in the experimental group 2 (exp 2) received 3 mg/kg/day nicotine and 9 mg/kg/day vitamin C simultaneously, and six were used as the control group and received 3 mL/kg/day normal saline via intraperitoneal (IP) injection parallel to other groups, since the 6th day of gestation to the end of prenatal period. In the first days of delivery, fibronectin content of neonatal kidneys was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and gene expression was studied by the real-time PCR.Results:IHC results showed that fibronectin reaction significantly increased in proximal convoluted tubules of exp 1 compared with the control offspring; on the other hand, fibronectin reaction decreased in the mice offspring of exp 2. Gene expression results showed that fibronectin expression in the exp 1 offspring significantly increased compared with the control ones and fibronectin expression decreased in the mice offspring of exp 2.Conclusions:This study revealed that vitamin C could reduce the fibronectin accumulation effects of nicotine on kidney.

Background & Objectives: Despite the serious effects of smoking, about 25 to 30% of women interest to smoke during pregnancy. Nicotine interfere the developmental process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal nicotine effects on fibronectine expressions in newborn kidney extracellular matrix. Material and Method: eighteen pregnant mice were used for this study that followed to the E6 day. To mice in experimental group 3mg/kg /day nicotine and to ones in control 3ml/kg/day normal saline administrated intraperitoneally. On the first day of delivery the left Neonatal kidney tissue was used for Immunohistochemistry(IHC) examination and right kidney for RT-PCR test. Results: THE IHC results that analyzing with kruskal walis showed fibronectine accumulated significantly in glomerule and proximal convoluted tubule matrix in mice received nicotine(P<0.05). The RT-PCR results proved this finding. Conclusion: Nicotine induces the production of Fibronectin in kidney extracellular matrix that reduce the Possibility of Glomerular filtration rate and glomerular sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation periods on fibronectine expression in the extracellular matrix of kidney of offspring. A total of 24 female pregnant Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: 3 mg/kg/day nicotine intraperitonealy (IP) from the 6 th day of uterine life until the end of pregnancy (E1), 3 mg/kg/day nicotine in a similar way from the first day of delivery to the end of lactation (E2), 3 ml/kg/day normal saline during pregnancy and lactation period as suggested for E1 and E2. The results showed that fibronectine reaction was significantly increased in the glomerule of E1. RT-PCR results demonstrated that the mRNA level of the fibronectin in the E2 group was up regulated significantly compared to the other group. From the results of the present study showed that maternal nicotine administration did not alter fibronectine expression in gestation and lactation life.

Conclusion: We conclude that inhibition of Lamininα5expression in the embryonickidney extracellular matrix that induced by maternal nicotine may be suppressed the nephrogenesis process during renal organogenesis.