The Epiphany-Resilon combination (group 3) was not superior to that of the AH Plus-gutta percha combination (group 1).

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a new fiber-reinforced composite restoration technique on fracture resistance in endodontically treated premolars. Eighty sound extracted human mandibular premolars were assigned to four groups (n = 20). Group 1 did not receive any treatment. In groups 2, 3 and 4, the teeth received root canal treatment and a mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparation. Group 2 was kept unrestored. Group 3 was restored with a dentin bonding system and composite resin. In group 4, a piece of polyethylene ribbon fiber was inserted into the groove in a buccal to lingual direction during the restoration of teeth with dentin bonding system and composite resin. After finishing and polishing, the specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 24 h and placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth and subjected to compressive loading in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min(-1). The load necessary to fracture the samples was recorded in Newton (N) and submitted to Kruskal-Wallis anova and Mann-Whitney U-test. The fracture strength of the teeth reinforced with a combination of polyethylene fiber and composite resin were not significantly different than those that were restored with only composite resin (P > 0.05). However, most of the failure modes of the reinforced teeth were limited to the level of the enamel, while the other three groups showed fractures generally at the level of the dentin, cemento-enamel junction or more below (P < 0.05). Therefore, polyethylene ribbon fiber-reinforced composite resin restorations seemed a more reliable restorative technique than traditional composite restorations for extensive cavities.

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Gingival recession is displacement of the soft tissue margin apically leading to root surface exposure. Tooth malpositions, high muscle attachment, frenal pull have been associated with gingival tissue recession. Occlusal trauma is defined as injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus as a result of occlusal forces. Trauma from occlusion may cause a shift in tooth position and the direction of the movement depends on the occlusal force. We present the clinical and radiological findings and the limitation of periodontal treatment of a severe gingival recession in a case with traumatic occlusion. A 16 years old male, systemically healthy and non-smoking patient presented to our clinic with severe gingival recession of mandibular canines and incisors. Clinical evaluation revealed extensive gingival recession on the vestibules of mandibular anterior segment. Patient has an Angle class III malocclusion and deep bite. To maintain the teeth until orthodontic therapy and maxillofacial surgery, mucogingival surgeries were performed to obtain attached gingiva to provide oral hygiene and reduce inflammation. After mucogingival surgeries, limited attached gingiva was gained in this case. Regular periodontal maintenance therapy was performed at 2 month intervals to preserve mandibular anterior teeth. Multidisciplinary approach should be performed in this kind of case for satisfactory results. Unless occlusal relationship was corrected, treatment of severe gingival recession will be problematic. For satisfactory periodontal treatment, early diagnosis of trauma from occlusion and its treatment is very important.

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