<em>Customary land is claimed as a safekeeping of history that must be maintained, local wisdom is considered as a code of conduct, and forests and traditional land as a dependent space for communal living. Meanwhile, the pace of expansion of palm oil plantations by the private sector supported by the state through permit schemes has created resource conflicts in customary law areas that threaten the existence of Tau Taa Wana's cultural heritage. This threat to cultural heritage has pushed the indigenous women of Wana Posangke to carry out resistance movements to protect and maintain communal cultural identity. This means that expansion activities that threaten the existence of cultural heritage encourage the desire to protect and maintain cultural heritage.</em>
Introduction Giant cell arteritis is a vasculitis which predominantly affects the carotid artery and its extra-cranial branches. Its classical presentation is that of headache with scalp tenderness but should be considered in anyone over the age of fifty years with transient visual symptoms, unexplained facial pain and/or jaw claudication. As a systemic vasculitis, clinical signs may vary, however respiratory complications compared to other vasculitides are uncommon. We present a case of new onset pleural effusion as a presenting feature of giant cell arteritis. Case description A seventy-year-old man previously fit and well was referred to respiratory clinic after a CXR done for ongoing non-productive dry cough showed a small right sided pleural effusion. Accompanying symptoms included a reduced appetite with around 6kg weight loss over the preceding month. His past medical history included a TIA, occasional palpitations and prostatectomy for a benign prostatic hypertrophy. His only regular medication was aspirin. He never smoked and was a retired communications engineer with no known history of asbestos exposure. On examination he had no peripheral stigmata of respiratory disease and chest auscultation was clear. He had routine blood tests which revealed a normocytic anaemia (Hb 108), an elevated CRP (145.6) and elevated ESR (131). LFTs were mildly deranged and U&Es were unremarkable. A subsequent CT scan was arranged which confirmed a small right sided pleural effusion and a small pericardial effusion. General soft tissue oedema surrounding the upper abdominal organs was also noted. There was no evidence of malignancy. For workup of anaemia, he underwent a gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Gastroscopy was normal and colonoscopy revealed a single pedunculated sigmoid polyp which histologically was an adenoma. An echocardiogram showed no evidence of heart failure. 24 hour ECG telemetry was arranged due to palpitations but this was essentially normal. The patient eventually developed a bilateral temporal headache and malaise. He was commenced on 40mg prednisolone. While awaiting temporal artery biopsy he subsequently developed jaw claudication and prednisolone was increased to 60mg a day. Biopsy confirmed giant cell arteritis. All his symptoms improved with steroids including fatigue, headaches, cough and he started to regain weight. Similarly biochemically all abnormalities normalised. A subsequent CXR showed complete resolution of the pleural effusion. Discussion Giant cell arteritis (GCA), like all systemic vasculitides, has been recognised to often involve the respiratory system. This has been reported to be in as high as 31% of patients with GCA. Notably, a persistent dry cough associated with fever has been recognised to be the most common respiratory symptom and has also been found to be one of the more atypical initial manifestations of GCA. This correlates with raised inflammatory markers and both of which were seen in the subject of this report. Although presence of a cough does not appear to correlate with other clinical symptoms of this particular vasculitis, it has been shown to markedly improve in response to steroids, suggesting its aetiology is GCA driven. The presence of pleural effusion however is far less common and indeed is exceptionally rare to be part of the initial presentation of GCA. There are a handful of cases in the literature, and most often the finding of pleural effusion coexists with more typical signs of GCA. The pleural effusion in our case was relatively small and was not considered safe for diagnostic aspiration. Rapid and complete resolution of an otherwise persistent pleural effusion with commencement of prednisolone points to GCA as the primary cause of the pleural effusion. Key learning points This case shows that GCA can rarely present as cough and pleural effusion which may precede more typical clinical features often associated with GCA. The importance of recognition of GCA as the cause of pulmonary manifestations in such cases is that appropriate steroid therapy can induce complete resolution and avoid the need for further, potentially harmful invasive investigations. Our case further highlights the complexity of large vessel vasculitis such as GCA due to their varied presentation and symptoms. In patients with an unexplained weight loss, aside from malignancy the differential diagnoses should include vasculitis. Conflicts of interest The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
The aims of this study were 1) to find out about the migration process of the Bugis ethnic group to Palu City, to explain the driving factors in the area of origin of South Sulawesi, the pull factors in the destination area of Palu City as well as the inhibiting factors and barriers to migrating to Palu City. 2) Knowing about social interactions and socio-cultural adaptations of the Bugis ethnic in Palu City. The method used is a qualitative approach involving 8 informants. The results showed that: Migration of the Bugis Ethnic to Palu City was motivated by economic factors due to limited job opportunities and increasingly competitive life along with population growth in the area of origin of South Sulawesi. The factor of "siri" cultural values, past conflicts and political upheavals also contributed to the migration of the Bugis Ethnic to Palu City. The swift flow of migration of the Bugis Ethnic to Palu City has an impact on social relations, both associative and dissociative which automatically forces Bugis migrants to be more adaptive to the surrounding social environment, therefore, the cultural values possessed by the Bugis Ethnic are internalized in his life is expected to become a social glue in social interaction in the overseas area of Palu City.
Research Infrastructures (RIs) are essential to achieve excellence in innovative scientific research. However, because of limited land availability and specific geological requirements, evaluating the viability of a site for a new RI can be a challenging task. Stringent safety construction requirements include developing site-specific architectural and geoengineering solutions, minimizing construction disturbances, and reinforcing rock and soil in a timely fashion. For successful development of the RIs in China, such as the Daya Bay Neutrino Laboratory (DBNL), and the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), an integrated approach of joint geophysical methods including the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), controlled-source audio-frequency magneto telluric (CSAMT)), gravity and seismic refraction methods, and geological mapping and surveys were carried out. Geophysical parameters, such as electrical resistivity, density, and seismic velocity show inverse proportion to the degree of rock fracturing or weathering. The results show that the low values of geophysical parameters suggest the weathered/fractured rock, while high values reveal the fresh bedrock. The Engineering Geological Suitability Index (EGSI) value can represent the individual EGSI values at a constant and summed over varying depths. EGSI methodology is an improvement on the existing siting process, and has been applied this to CSNS. Our integrated approach provides clearer insight of the subsurface for site suitability of RIs in challenging engineering geological conditions, and removes any ambiguity caused by a single geophysical parameter. The obtained geological knowledge of the area not only provides engineers with much-needed information about the construction conditions of a potential site, but also gives scientists the opportunity to explore the local geology. In this study, we demonstrate our innovative approach for siting RIs, as demonstrated by the synthetic evaluation of the site location and utilization for two established RIs (DBNL and CSNS).
A misconception is a concept differing from experts' explanation, resulting in confusion among students. This study aims to apply the conceptual change learning model with a combination of predict-observe-explain to overcome students' misconceptions about the concept of chemical bonds. The research method was quasi-experimental. The samples were186 students at MAN (Islamic State Senior High School) Banda Aceh. Students' chemical bonding misconceptions were identified by the four-tier test, and data were then analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed a decrease in misconceptions by 0.64 (medium) and 0.05 (low) in the experimental and control classes. Data analysis results showed a significant difference in the decrease of misconceptions between the experimental and control class. This implies that the conceptual change learning model combined with predict-observer-explain can reduce student misconceptions on chemical bonding.
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