We aim to describe the outcomes after chronic subdural hematoma drainage (CSDH) management in a large cohort of patients on antithrombotic drugs, either antiplatelets or anticoagulants, at presentation and to inform clinical decision making on the timing of surgery and recommencement of these drugs. We used data from a previous UK-based multi-center, prospective cohort study. Outcomes included recurrence within 60 days, functional outcome at discharge, and thromboembolic event during hospital stay. We performed Cox regression on recurrence and multiple logistic regression on functional outcome. There were 817 patients included in the analysis, of which 353 (43.2%) were on an antithrombotic drug at presentation. We observed a gradual reduction in risk of recurrence for patients during the 6 weeks post-CSDH surgery. Neither antiplatelet nor anticoagulant drug use influenced risk of CSDH recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.48; p = 0.76) or persistent/worse functional impairment (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.76-1.55; p = 0.66). Delaying surgery after cessation of antiplatelet drug did not affect risk of bleed recurrence. There were 15 in-hospital thromboembolic events recorded. Events were more common in the group pre-treated with antithrombotic drugs (3.3%) compared to the non-antithrombotic group (0.9%). Patients on an antithrombotic drug pre-operatively were at higher risk of thromboembolic events with no excess risk of bleed recurrence or worse functional outcome after CSDH drainage. The data did not support delaying surgery in patients on antithrombotic therapy. In the absence of a randomized controlled trial, early surgery and early antithrombotic recommencement should be considered in those at high risk of thromboembolic events.

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We report on in-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in the United States. The data were obtained from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample datasets for the years 2000-2017, which includes data from participating hospitals in 47 US states and the District of Columbia. We included pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) with cardiac arrest and we excluded patients with no cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the hospitalization. Primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality after cardiac arrest. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with survival. A total of 20,654 patients were identi ed, 8226 (39.82%) patients survived to discharge. The median length of stay and cost of hospitalization were signi cantly higher in the survivors vs. Non-survivors

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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Prophylactic platelet transfusion has been adopted as a ubiquitous practice in management of thrombocytopenia in preterm infants to reduce the risk of bleeding. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objectives of this study were to report the prevalence of platelet transfusion among preterm infants with thrombocytopenia and to assess the association of platelet transfusion with mortality and morbidity in this population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study that utilized National Inpatient Sample for the years 2000–2017 was conducted. All preterm infants delivered nationally with birth weight (BW) &#x3c;1,500 g or gestational age &#x3c;32 weeks were included. Analyses were repeated after stratifying the population into 2 BW subcategories &#x3c;1,000 g and 1,000–1,499 g. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounding variables. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study included 1,780,299 infants; of them, 22,609 (1.27%) were diagnosed with thrombocytopenia and 5,134 (22.7%) received platelet transfusion. Platelet transfusion was associated with significant increase in mortality (24.8 vs. 13.8%), retinopathy of prematurity (22.3 vs. 19.2%), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (18.3 vs. 10.1%), median length of hospital stays (51 vs. 47 days), and cost of hospitalization (USD 298,204 vs. USD 219,760). Increased mortality was noted in &#x3c;1,000-g infants (aOR = 1.96, CI: 1.76–2.18, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and 1,000–1,499-g infants (aOR = 2.02, CI: 1.62–2.53, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Platelet transfusion increased over the years in infants with BW &#x3c;1,000 g (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and in infants with BW 1,000–1,499 g (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Platelet transfusion is associated with increased mortality and comorbidities in premature infants. There is a trend for increased utilization of platelet transfusions over the study period.

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