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This study examines the relationship between proficiency level and language learning strategies (LLSs) among Jordanian students enrolled at Universiti Utara Malaysia. The frequency level of the LLSs employed by the students was also investigated. The theoretical foundation for the study was provided by three comprehensive theories which are the Behaviorism, the Cognitive Psychology, and the Schema Theory. The data for the LLSs was obtained from using Oxford's (1990) (6) Social Strategies (SOC). The frequency of the students' overall use of LLSs was determined on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from high frequency use (3.5-5.0), medium frequency use (2.5-3.49), to low frequency use (1.0-2.49). Questionnaires were distributed and collected from a total of 97 students. Meanwhile, the students' level of language proficiency was determined by their scores in the UUM English Language Proficiency Test (ELPT). Upon using the multiple regression analysis, the results show that the students used language learning strategies at a high frequency level. In addition, this study shows that there is a positive relationship between language learning strategy and proficiency level. These results indicate that proficiency level plays a vital role in determining the kinds of language learning strategy used. Curriculum designers and related bodies in Jordan should increase focus on the role of language learning strategies in promoting the acquisition of English language proficiency. The study also opens up avenues for more studies on language learning strategies not only in Jordan, but also in other countries where this area of study is lacking.

Student leadership is seen to be one of the crucial issues in educational leadership field due to its impact on students, especially for the secondary and tertiary level students. Traits of student leaders are being investigated as one of the factors contributing to the effectiveness of student leadership in school. Categorised as one type of school leadership, student leadership is considered very beneficial for personal development of self-confidence and self-esteem as well as very prudent for the nation. The main purpose of this study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions on student leadership - its definition and benefits - and the shared traits possessed by student leaders. There were two theoretical frameworks used in this study. The first framework is by Northouse (2004) on Traits of a Good Leader, and the second is by Kozes and Posner (2012) on Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership. This qualitative study involved eight respondents who are secondary school teachers from various schools and age groups, using convenience sampling. Semi-structured interview was used in order to gain the teachers’ perceptions. The data was analysed using descriptive thematic approach. The findings revealed that there are ten shared traits of student leaders which are closely related to Northouse’s (2004) traits on good leaders and one concluded definition of student leadership also came out as a result.