“…This linguistic phenomenon is not uncommon and can be found in various bilingual contexts [2]. Previous data have shown that individual utterances can combine elements from more than one language [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…[F-BLU- [1][2][3][4][5][6] All mixed constructions matched the matrix language. Table 6 shows the numbers of unmixed and mixed DPs for each determiner and matrix language.…”
This paper focuses on the factors influencing the language of determiners in nominal constructions in two sets of bilingual data: Spanish/English from Miami and Spanish/English creole from Nicaragua. Previous studies (Liceras et al. 2008;Moro Quintanilla 2014) have argued that Spanish determiners are preferred in mixed nominal constructions because of their grammaticised nature. However, those studies did not take the matrix language into account, even though Herring et al. (2010) found that the language of the determiner matched the matrix language. Therefore, we hypothesise that the matrix language is the main influence on the language of the determiner in both mixed and unmixed nominal constructions. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that the matrix language of the clause provides the language of the determiner in mixed and unmixed Determiner Phrases (DPs). Once the matrix language is controlled for, the Miami data show a greater tendency for Spanish determiners to appear in mixed DPs than English determiners. However, in the Nicaragua data, we found only mixed DPs with an English creole determiner. This suggests that bilingual communities do not always follow the same pattern, and that social rather than grammatical factors may be at play. We conclude that while the language of the determiner is influenced by clause-internal structure, that of its noun complement and the matrix language itself depends on extralinguistic considerations.
“…This linguistic phenomenon is not uncommon and can be found in various bilingual contexts [2]. Previous data have shown that individual utterances can combine elements from more than one language [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…[F-BLU- [1][2][3][4][5][6] All mixed constructions matched the matrix language. Table 6 shows the numbers of unmixed and mixed DPs for each determiner and matrix language.…”
This paper focuses on the factors influencing the language of determiners in nominal constructions in two sets of bilingual data: Spanish/English from Miami and Spanish/English creole from Nicaragua. Previous studies (Liceras et al. 2008;Moro Quintanilla 2014) have argued that Spanish determiners are preferred in mixed nominal constructions because of their grammaticised nature. However, those studies did not take the matrix language into account, even though Herring et al. (2010) found that the language of the determiner matched the matrix language. Therefore, we hypothesise that the matrix language is the main influence on the language of the determiner in both mixed and unmixed nominal constructions. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that the matrix language of the clause provides the language of the determiner in mixed and unmixed Determiner Phrases (DPs). Once the matrix language is controlled for, the Miami data show a greater tendency for Spanish determiners to appear in mixed DPs than English determiners. However, in the Nicaragua data, we found only mixed DPs with an English creole determiner. This suggests that bilingual communities do not always follow the same pattern, and that social rather than grammatical factors may be at play. We conclude that while the language of the determiner is influenced by clause-internal structure, that of its noun complement and the matrix language itself depends on extralinguistic considerations.
“…Studies in code-switching have evolved over the past three decades. A great number of books have been written, and research have been conducted by linguists interested in studying this language phenomenon (Inuwa, Christopher & Bakrin, 2014;Gulzar, 2010;Ariffin & Rafik-Galea, 2009;Bashir, 2015;Woolard, 2004;Deuchar, 2012;& Makulloluwa, 2013), particularly regarding the social dimensions of code-switching. The approaches discussed in the literature review are meant to gain an in-depth insight.…”
Section: Relevant Scholarshipmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From the sociolinguistics' point of view, it is regarded as a special feature that bilingual and multilingual individual are endowed with. Similarly, Inuwa et al (2014), explored the use of code-switching among Hausa bilinguals as a conversational strategy manifested effectively to express social meanings influenced mostly by some social variables and morpho-syntactic structures of two languages. Code-switching, the use of two languages in a single discussion, is not a random phenomenon.…”
In every society, language plays a vital role in communicating with each other as it allows speakers to expand their knowledge, deliver their ideas, opinions and feelings in the society. English, as a global language, provides a platform for communication for people who speak the language. Due to the growing trend in linguistic globalisation, bilingualism has become a very common phenomenon in today’s world. In bilingual communities all over the world, speakers frequently switch from one language to another to meet communication demands. This phenomenon of alternation between languages is known as code-switching. The present study aims to focus on the teachers’ use of code-switching as a language teaching tool in EFL classrooms in Pakistan. It also deals with the functions and types of code-switching in EFL classrooms. Four EFL speaking skill classes were observed, and audio was recorded and transcribed to analyse why and how code-switching was used in the classrooms. The analysis of classroom interaction transcripts revealed that teachers code-switched to maintain discipline, translate new words and build solidarity and intimate relationships with the students before, during and after the lessons. The study found that code-switching from L2 to L1 in the speaking classes did occur although English remained as the main medium of instruction. All the teachers consciously code-switched throughout their lectures. Teachers also code switched to Urdu after the lectures. Three types of code-switching occurred during the EFL classes: tag-switching, intra-sentential code-switching and inter-sentential switching. Hence, code-switching is a useful teaching tool in EFL classrooms to facilitate teaching and learning.
“…2, 4, 13, 15, 25), 11 euphemisms from English language (data no. 5,7,9,12,17,19,20,23,24,27,30) and 13 euphemisms in Buginese language (data no. 1,3,8,10,11,14,16,18,21,22,26,28,29).…”
The use of euphemism has traditionally been common in subject areas in which people do not like talking directly. Euphemism sometimes appears in code switching. The objective of the research is to classify the category of euphemism in code-switching in Bahasa Indonesia, Local and Foreign languages. The data of the research was designed for descriptive method by using random sampling, collected through the original speech/utterances by using recorder and hand phone and also note taking. The result showed that it was found three categories of euphemism in code-switching; Euphemism of Religion/ Magic, Euphemism of Taboo and Euphemism of Social.
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