The analogy between the kinetics of the autoxidation of benzoin and desylamine thus is, within the scope of our experiment, complete.The determination of the rate of autoxidation of benzoin monomethyl ether was made in 45.5% ethanol, employing 0.4 if mole of the ether. The initial oxidation rates at two alkali concentrations are given in Table III. The data, substituted into the first-order equation yielded a satisfactory constant. Table III 0.4 M Mole of Benzoin Monomethyl Ether KOH, M mole Vi cc./mm.
x -f 431 pp. 15 X 23 cm. $3.75. This text is a cooperative effort of the editor and twelve coauthors. Their aim has been to collect and unify the best available material on laboratory experiments for eleven of the unit operations of chemical engineering and to produce a practical laboratory manual. The authors have selected experiments that can be performed satisfactorily with simple equipment in a single laboratory period and which tie in definitely with the theoretical presentation of that unit operation.The unit operations selected and the number of experiments for each are: measurement of temperature, 5 experiments; flow of fluids, 10; flow of heat, 6; evaporation and evaporators, 3; distillation, 6; drying of solids, 9; humidification and dehumidification, 3; gas absorption, 8; filtration, 6; classification and concentration of solids, 7; size reduction, 9. This book is more than a mere laboratory manual, as each unit operation is introduced by sufficient theory and discussion to develop the formulas and show the significance of the variables to be measured in the experiments performed. Each experiment is divided into object, equipment needed, procedure {with alternatives), data to be taken, and the report. Although the chapters are not uniform in this respect, most of them give sample data and calculations necessary for the report.
Workers in various sciences have occasion to prepare special silicic acid gels but specific directions are lacking. Requirements for such gels made from the desired acid, setting in a convenient time, and of a definite silica content, should be met. This paper offers information for such needs as well as new work on the effect of high concentrations of the acid mixed with the sodium silicate and the comparative effect of weak and strong acids on silicic acid. A study of the influence of higher temperatures on silicic acid gels is also included.Flemming,1 under the direction of W. Ostwald, has made the most important contribution to this phase of the subject although Kohlrausch2 studied the effect of age on water glass solutions as measured by change in conductivity and van Bemmelen3 did invaluable work in connection with the dehydration and hydration of silicic acid gels. Maschke4 added some work on the time of formation of these gels. Methods of WorkA water glass solution sold for general purposes by a prominent chemical company was used for most of the experiments. Since carbon dioxide has a marked influence on the time of set of silicic acid gels it was necessary to have a water glass free from this substance. We diluted this sodium silicate, acidified and boiled. No carbon dioxide could be detected in the issuing gases. Some samples of commercial water glass contain iron salts in appreciable quantities but only a trace of iron was to be found in the product we selected. It was practically colorless. Analysis showed the composi-
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