Lecithin and Hydroquinone as Antioxidants for Vitamin A

Efficient additives to improve the catalytic effects of ferric(III) chloride on the reaction of N‐vinylcarbazole: hydroquinone for methanolysis, hydrogen peroxide for cyclobutanation respectively

“…Therefore, it is interesting to find a way to increase the cation radical dimerization abilities of FeCl 3 on the NVC. Meanwhile, the antioxidants of hydroquinone or phenol series compounds have been well known for many decades, but few experiments have been reported about the catalytic effect or efficient additive effect of hydroquinone to improve other compound's catalytic effects. To understand more about the reaction of NVC under different conditions, especially the cation radical mechanism, the reactions of a small amount of hydroquinone (or phenol) or H 2 O 2 as additive added to the Fe(III) system were determined, and some interesting results were obtained.…”

Hydroquinone Manufacture

“…Hydroquinone is well knowm as a powerful antioxidant for fats and oils. Feeding experiments have shown that it has a definite value in protecting the vitamin A content of oils and milk (6). When used as an inhibitor toward oxidation it apparently acts by breaking reaction chains, and is itself oxidized in the process.…”

Studies in the stability on vitamins A and D

“…(Received 21 December 1938) THE present widespread use of vitamin A in medicine calls for information as to its stability, particularly when dissolved in oils. Several workers [Huston et al 1928;Evers, 1929;Norris & Church, 1930;Holmes et al 1936] have studied the stability under different conditions of storage of vitamin A in fish liver oils and of vitamin A concentrates dissolved in vegetable oils. Wide variations in the rate of destruction of vitamin A have been recorded: Jones [1928] found a reasonable amount of vitamin A present in a malt extract and cod liver oil preparation 23 years old; at the other extreme Marcus [1931] found vitamin A to be largely destroyed in 3 hr.…”