The concept of visual merchandising is important to arouse internal emotions of customers to make impulse buying. This study is carried out to investigate important elements of visual merchandising that can stimulate customers' impulse buying behaviour. Based on thorough review on past literature, stimulus-organism-response (SOR) paradigm is utilized to develop conceptual framework in this study. Based on the review of past empirical findings, this study identified the elements of colour, lighting, mannequins, music and floor merchandising as important elements in attracting the customers' responses and results in impulse buying behaviour. The outcome of the study is expected to suggest a conceptual framework for future research to investigate customers' impulse buying behaviour in different retail stores from different regions. Furthermore, this study also provide an understanding for the retailers to emphasise on the specific elements of visual merchandising to increase the attention of customers to walk-in to their store and indirectly influence their purchase decision making.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected online shopping patterns and accelerated the adoption of online shopping and home deliveries. Online food delivery systems and applications have transformed the way consumers order and consume food, especially during the Movement Control Order by the government during the Covid-19 pandemic. Restaurants and mobility agents such as FoodPanda and GrabFood were heavily reliant on mobile technology during the pandemic to strengthen online essentials from offline services which increased online consumers as well. This study designed the drivers on online food shopping motives towards consumer behaviour intentions among online food delivery customers in Malaysia. Grounded from various streams of literature and scholarly views, this research develops a conceptual model describing the drivers of online food shopping through the propositions of the model utilising Theory of Planned Behaviour and Technology Acceptance Model. Hence, the study also provides a literature overview of the current issue on the pandemic situation on e-commerce and online ordering services in Malaysia as well as discussion and direction for further research.

As the world grapples with Covid-19 challenges, excellent health is critical since it aids in the pilgrimage process. This study seeks to identify the effective medium of communication in delivering information on health awareness and guidance for the pilgrims before they departed. The methodology used for this study is quantitative method by disseminating 120 questionnaires to Muslims. A total of 106 respondents participated by using snowball sampling. Data had been gathered and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistic software version 20.0 software database tool. The major findings show that the interactive video and e-poster play effective roles in highlighting the importance of taking Covid-19 vaccination. It also serves an effective communication medium in providing information on health awareness and guidance for pilgrims. The study suggests providing better health care services for Hajj pilgrims and increases the level of awareness, knowledge and responsibility among the pilgrims on the importance of health vitality in not only facing the pandemic but also overcoming the health problems as stipulated by the pilgrimage board. Further research is recommended to do expert evaluations on our Interactive Video and E-poster to evaluate the effectiveness of stressing the mandatory of taking Covid-19 vaccination before the pilgrimage.

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