The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of SMEs’ innovation and learning orientation in mediating the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programme on SMEs’ performance and competitive advantage in Malang. This research uses explorative design by distributing questionnaires on small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The analytical tool used is structural equation model (SEM). The results show that CSR programme has a significant effect on SMEs’ innovation, learning orientation and SMEs’ performance. The discussions and implications of this research contribute to the SME sector as it is proved to be able to increase SMEs’ innovation, learning orientation, SMEs’ performance and competitive advantage. This study is limited only to Malang-Indonesia SMEs receiving CSR programme assistance.

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The National Standard of Education (NSE) in Indonesia is a legitimate instrument to reach the best achievement. Yet, there are still the other positive factors, especially on economics subjects. This research aimed to find out the direct effect of the national standard of education (NSE) involving in a standard of content (SC), standard for educator and education staff (SEE), standard of facilities (SF), standard of assessment (SA), standard of the process (SP) and competence graduate standard (CGS) on achievement motivation (AM) and economics learning achievement (ELA), and to find out the indirect influence of SC, SEE, SF, SA, SP, and CGS on ELA through AM. This descriptive quantitative research used a survey to collect the data. The population is Indonesian senior high school students who have learned the economy for, at least. A total of 1065 students were selected through using proportional stratified random sampling with the Slovin formula (error=1%). The data in this study were collected through The data were subsequently analyized using Structural Equation Modeling (Partial Least Square approach). The result of this research showed that there was a direct effect of SC, SEE, SF, SA, SP, and CGS and AM on ELA. Then, there was an indirect effect of SC, SEE, SF, SA, and CGS on ELA through AM as a mediating variable.

Teachers need to organize learning that is contextual, innovative, and interesting so that students are more motivated to learn and they get better learning outcomes. The research was aimed to examine the effectiveness of role-playing model to improve the twelfth-grade social students’ learning motivation and their learning achievements on accounting subject with basic competence of practicing accounting cycles of service companies. The research was conducted with a quasi experiment for 3 public high schools in Sleman Regency. There were 206 total respondents for this research. Research data was gathered by using two methods: tests and questionnaires. Independent sample t-test was used for data analysis techniques. The result of this research showed that t-test for equality of mean of learning motivation was significant (sig. = .000 <  α = .05) and learning achievement was also significant (sig. = .000 <  α = .05). At the treatment class, students’ learning motivation was very high and their learning achievement was high. Thus, it was concluded that the role playing model was effective to improve the twelfth-grade social students’ learning motivation and their learning achievements on accounting subject with basic competence of practicing accounting cycles of service companies.