End-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) was synthesized by living free radical polymerization and conventional free radical polymerization and was used to prepare graft copolymers with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The copolymers exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior between 30 and 32 degrees C and formed complexes with plasmid DNA. The LCST of the copolymers in the DNA complexes increased slightly to approximately 34-35 degrees C. Cytotoxicity of the copolymers was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells. The copolymers exhibited temperature-dependent toxicity, with higher levels of LDH release observed at temperatures above the LCST. Cellular uptake and transfection activity of the DNA complexes with the PEI-g-PNIPA copolymers were lower than those of the control PEI/DNA complexes at temperature below the LCST but increased to the PEI/DNA levels at temperatures above the LCST.

In the present study, we report the dispersion of titanate nanotubes (TiONts) via polymer grafting (PolyEthylene Glycol, PEG) or polymer adsorption (polyethylene imine, PEI) where different TiONts/polymer ratios have been investigated. The TiONts/PEI and TiONts/PEG nanohybrids were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as by zeta potential measurements in order to determine both their dispersion state and stability in water (at different pH for zetametry). The nature of the chemical bonds at the surface of these nanohybrids was investigated by Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy while the grafting densities of PEG on the nanotubes were quantified by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The nanohybrids reported here are promising tools for biotechnology applications due to their tubular morphology, their very good dispersion in water and the reactivity of their surface.

The functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) by meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was investigated. Under ambient conditions, the thiol groups from DMSA are not stable and do not allow a direct functionalization without storage in stringent conditions or a chemical regeneration of free thiols. In this study, we have developed a protocol based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting of SPIO prior to DMSA anchoring. We have observed that PEG helps to increase the stability of thiol groups under ambient conditions. The thiol functionalized SPIOs were stable under physiological pH and ionic strength as determined by Ellman's essay and allowed us to graft a thiol reactive fluorescent dye: tetramethylrhodamine-5-maleimide (TMRM).

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Saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) analysis by thin-layer chromatography–flame ionization detector (TLC–FID) is a fast and efficient technique for group-type analysis of hydrocarbon residues. The present paper attempts to provide a new method for measurement of SARA fractions of whole crude oils using TLC–FID while addressing the issues related to FID calibration and loss of lighter hydrocarbon components during analysis. The experimental results obtained by the new method are compared to the traditional methods.

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