No abstract

PendahuluanUndang-Undang nomor 41 tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan menyebutkan "hutan adalah suatu kesatuan ekosistem berupa hamparan lahan berisi sumberdaya alam hayati yang didominasi pepohonan dalam persekutuan alam lingkungannya, yang satu dengan lainnya tidak dapat dipisahkan." Hutan berdasarkan statusnya dibagi menjadi hutan negara dan hutan hak. Hutan negara adalah hutan yang berada pada tanah negara, sedangkan hutan hak adalah hutan yang berada di tanah/lahan milik.Undang-Undang ini menyebutkan bahwa hutan rakyat merupakan hutan hak, tetapi banyak ahli yang berpendapat bahwa hutan rakyat adalah hutan yang dikelola oleh masyarakat, baik yang berada di lahan negara maupun lahan milik. the data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, and a Rank Spearmen Correlation Test was used to test the hypotheses already formulated. The research results showed that (1) the perception of farmers was of high level, (2) the perception was closely related to formal education, non formal education, and family's size. Keywords: perception, community forests, agroforestry patterns, farmer's characteristics AbstrakKeberhasilan pembangunan hutan rakyat pola agroforestri di Kabupaten Wonogiri tidak terlepas dari persepsi petani mengenai hutan rakyat pola agroforestri. Persepsi individu terhadap lingkungannya merupakan faktor penting dan sangat menentukan tindakan yang dilakukannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji persepsi petani mengenai hutan rakyat pola agroforestri dan menemukan karakteristik petani yang berhubungan dengan persepsi petani tentang hutan rakyat pola agroforestri di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2015 hingga April 2016 di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Populasi penelitian adalah kepala keluarga/ rumah tangga petani hutan rakyat dengan jumlah 2.431 orang dan pengumpulan data dilakukan kepada 246 petani hutan rakyat. Teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan secara simple random sampling. Data penelitian meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Selanjutnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah dirumuskan digunakan Uji Korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani memiliki persepsi yang tinggi terhadap pengelolaan hutan rakyat pola agroforestri (3,14 Skala Likert) dan manfaat hutan rakyat pola agroforestri (3,09 Skala Likert). Karakteristik petani yang berkorelasi dengan persepsi petani adalah pendidikan formal, pendidikan non formal, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga.Kata kunci: persepsi petani, hutan rakyat, pola agroforestri, karakteristik petani hutan 1 Korespondensi penulis

The Kerinci community is an Indonesian indigenous people who live in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. They have local knowledge of the surrounding vegetation that has become a cultural unifying factor within the community. The study reported here aimed to analyze the importance of plants of particular cultural significance and to review efforts to conserve these plants based on Kerinci cultural values. The study was conducted for eight months from October 2013 to May 2014 at three locations chosen purposively, they were Lempur Baru Village, Lama Tamiai Village and Ulu Jernih Village. The data was obtained using a participatory observation approach, based on key informant interviews, while the assessment of plant distribution was based on a whole-of-community viewpoint. The research data consisted of data on the botany of the plants, on the utilization of the plants and on assessment of plant distribution. Analysis of data for 234 plant species used a formula for index of cultural significance (ICS) adopted from Turner (1988). The study showed that rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume) are important plant species with values for the Cultural Index of 59 and 57 respectively, while the species known as 'inggu' (Ruta angustifolia (L). Pers) had the lowest ICS, of 3. The 'Tri-Stimulus Amar' conservation analysis developed by Zuhud (2007) is seen as a useful model for considering the cultural values that motivate the Kerinci community's plant conservation actions.

The Indonesian Government

Biofisik, analisis gerombol, hutan rakyat, sosial ekonomi, tipologi desa 1 2 2 2 2 and Biophysical, clustering analysis, private forest, socioeconomic , village typologies

Hegemony means as a victory for the dominant group that is controlled by the mechanism of consensus (consent). This article attempts to understand the dynamics of state and community relationships regarding the political dynamics of the mastery of forest resources from the feudalism era to the post-colonial era. This research was carried out by using the qualitative analytic approach with literature research method. The results of the study showed that during colonial era, the state hegemony over forests was mainly to maintain its domain against the forest, and it correlates with the use of alliance between the colonial state and local rulers. In the perspective of Gramscian, the existing national political law over the forest is much influenced by the Indonesian organic intellectuals who inherited the ideology of Domainverklaring. The present social forestry program is not actually a counter-hegemonic (victory) of society over state hegemony in forest areas that has been taken place since colonial times, but rather to reinforce state hegemony over forests. To avoid it from triggering a humanitarian crisis, the solution then will depend on the country's ability to uphold justice in forest resources management.

State hegemony over forest areas in practice is indeed more favorable to forestry corporations and eliminates a village community access. Data analyzed using Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory and Laclau and Mouffe's hegemony to understand the movements of villagers to regain access to the forests. The results of this study indicate the emergence of antagonism between rural communities and companies was the impact of the abandonment of villagers from the forestry development. NGOs, as an organic intellectual has succeeded strengthen the village institutions to fight for remaining forests through permit of village forest, even though they have to compete with the biggest forestry company. The Permit of Village Forest in Kampar Peninsula has become the first social forestry permit in Riau Province. This condition is a fact the slow return of forest access to rural communities through social forestry programs. The Program of Social Forestry that was recently introduced by the state was not a counterhegemony (victory of the villagers against state hegemony), but it is reinforcing hegemony of state over forest areas.

The benefit and transaction cost flow which people earn economically and socially from wild medicinal plant harvesting are addressed in this study.