This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of incinerator bottom ash (IBA) fineness and the cooled process of molten IBA on fresh mortar properties and compressive strength of hardened mortars. IBA with two finenesses, an original IBA, and a pulverizing incinerator bottom ash (PIBA) powder, with maximum particle size of 4.75 and 0.074 mm respectively were used to partially replace sand and Portland cement at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight. The pozzolanic activity characteristics of powder were obtained from melting the above PIBA in an electric-furnace at 1450 °C for 1 h. and chilled by quenching in water (WIBA) and air (AIBA). Results indicate that incinerator bottom ash caused a reduction in compressive strength, unit weight, and flowability values when used as a replacement for sand and cement. However, IBA can be processed by melting to regain reactive pozzolanic activity, which may be used to partially replace cement.
This study examines construction waste generation and management in Taiwan. We verify the factors probable affecting the output of construction wastes by using data for the output of declared construction wastes produced from demolition projects in Taiwan in the last year, expert interviews, and research achievements in the past, and find “ on-site separation” is the factor with effects on the output of construction wastes via cross-correlation by algorithms such as K-Means and Decision Tree C5.0. It can be seen that the output (0.092(t/M3) with on-site separation or 0.329(t/M3) without on-site separation is highly correlated with the composition ratio of construction wastes and referred to as a valid conclusion.
Taiwan's climate is marine tropical. The northern part of the island has a rainy season that lasts from January through late March during the northeast monsoon, and experiences hot, humid weather from June through September. Thus, road’s maintenance is a difficult issue due to its long-season rains as well as high groundwater levels. In the mean time, the current roads are generally weaker in most suburban areas due to those soft soil bases uncompacted in construction. Those aspects explain the low performance of suburban roads in northern Taiwan. Therefore, this research takes the Yilan county, located in the northeast part of the island and well-known as a rainy county, as a study area where major suburban roads are selected to take asphalt concrete specimens for testing. The major purpose is to investigate the time effect of asphalt pavements for those of specimens with a period time of three years. A total number of 329 asphalt concrete specimens are characterized as Class I specimens, 305 of which were taken in 2007, as well as Class II of 24 taken in 2010. First, as for the Class I specimens, the Indirect Tensile Strength test (ITS) is conducted, together with the Control Chart as a filter, and then the remaining 253 specimens come to the average ITS value of 15.55 kgf/cm2. Secondly, as for the Class II specimens of 24, the Film Stripping (FS) tests are conducted to obtain the Index of Retained Strength (IRS) values, from which the basis of ITS comparisons is found. Thus, the different average ITS value, 19.16% in three years, is obtained. The result also indicates that the annual reduction of ITS value for an area similar to the study area may be taken as approximately 11% (33.14/3 %) and 4.7% (13.98/3 %) for the conditions of high traffic flow and low traffic flow, respectively. It may also address the common effect of traffic and environment on moisture damage in asphalt pavements.
The disposal and reuse of waste combustion residues has become a critical topic recently in view of the method of treating household wastes in a city, which has gradually changed to be incineration (major) and landfill (minor) in densely populated Taiwan, plus the difficulty of various wastes disposed by the Refuse Incineration Plant at Yilan County. To propose concrete recommendations as references for the local competent authorities’ policy for reuse of bottom ash, we researched and analyzed compositions of wastes and ingredients as well as leaching toxicity of bottom ash (accounting for 70% of waste combustion residues) which had been collected from the Li-Ze Incineration plant at Yilan, and transported bottom ash to a cement plant also at Yilan as an alternative material for Portland cement. The results in this study indicated quite a few products, with ingredients of bottom ash from an incineration plant, can be taken as principal compositions used in production of cement, and the capacity of bottom ash treated by the cement plant can be further expanded according to the quality of produced cement and bottom ash properly processed.
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