This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of incinerator bottom ash (IBA) fineness and the cooled process of molten IBA on fresh mortar properties and compressive strength of hardened mortars. IBA with two finenesses, an original IBA, and a pulverizing incinerator bottom ash (PIBA) powder, with maximum particle size of 4.75 and 0.074 mm respectively were used to partially replace sand and Portland cement at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight. The pozzolanic activity characteristics of powder were obtained from melting the above PIBA in an electric-furnace at 1450 °C for 1 h. and chilled by quenching in water (WIBA) and air (AIBA). Results indicate that incinerator bottom ash caused a reduction in compressive strength, unit weight, and flowability values when used as a replacement for sand and cement. However, IBA can be processed by melting to regain reactive pozzolanic activity, which may be used to partially replace cement.
This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash fineness on the properties of cement-based composites. Three sugarcane bagasse ash contents (10, 20 and 30% by weight of cement) and three particle sizes of bagasse ash (particles less than 45, 75 and 150 μm) were used as a partial replacement for cement in mortar specimens with a constant water/cementitious ratio of 0.55. The pozzolanic strength activity test, compressive strength test and scanning electron microscope observations were conducted and compared. Test results indicated that the compressive strength decreased with the addition of sugarcane bagasse ash content increased. Addition of sugarcane bagasse ash to replace cement in cementitious composites could provide hydration and pozzolanic reaction, but it would still keep more rugged and some larger pores observed from the paste surface and resulted in the weaker microstructures and poorer properties in cementitious composites. In conclusion, the critical usage of sugarcane bagasse ash is 10 % with 45μm particles.
The concrete is a solid and porous composite materials, when the concrete exposure to moisture environment for a long-term, the pore water will penetrate into concrete cause hydration products leaching. Leaching of calcium ions increase in porosity and resulting in harmful ions ingress into concrete to reduce strength and durability of concrete. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of water-binder ratio on calcium ion leaching behavior of cement-based material. The ammonium nitrate solution was used to accelerate leaching process. Leaching duration was 56 days, 91 days and 140 days, respectively. The leaching depth and compressive strength were measured. The results showed that leaching resistance increased with a decrease in water/binder ratio. The leaching depth showed that leaching behavior of the specimens without minerals admixtures can be divided into two stages, the first stage was leaching of calcium hydroxide and than the C-S-H gel were leaching.
It’s quite often that dispensing a topping material like concrete crystalline penetration sealer materials onto the surface of a plastic substance such as concrete to extend its service life span by surface protections from outside breakthrough. When applied to concrete it reacts with calcium hydroxide and reduces the porosity and permeability of the concrete matrix. This serves to increase the hardness and chemical resistance which, in turn, increases the service life span of the surface. A series of tests, such as rapid chloride permeability test, scanning electron microscope, and mercury intrusion porosimetry, were performed on the concrete test samples to examine the durability, by taking the penetration depth of concrete crystalline penetration sealer materials as a characterization parameter describing the durability in relation to water resistance. The penetration depth is a critical property for concrete crystalline penetration sealer materials to function effectively. The deeper the penetration, the greater the thickness of concrete strengthened, thus improving wear resistance, the life span and durability. The desirable depth drawn from tests is about 10mm with a minimum of 5mm. However the regular attainment of such penetration will require considerable care in surface preparation and in assuring that the concrete is properly dry. The quality of the concrete will also be a major factor in the depth of penetration obtained. Penetration depths may be greater with poor quality porous concrete while a 10mm depth may not be possible with high-quality dense concrete. Other Factors affecting concrete sealer penetration depth are related to the process, such as coverage and application, a user who should understand how it works, and material itself, having its own image.
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