Highlights d Disease-associated mutations endow SHP2 liquid-liquid phase separation capability d SHP2 LLPS is driven by electrostatic interactions mediated by PTP domain d SHP2 allosteric inhibitors block SHP2 LLPS by locking SHP2 in closed conformation d Mutant SHP2 can recruit and activate WT SHP2 in LLPS to promote MAPK activation

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The relation between sizes and phase structures of gallium has been studied. Gallium droplets with different sizes dispersed in poly͑methyl methacrylate͒ and silicone oil were studied by differential scanning calorimeter and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that particles with different sizes corresponded to stable or metastable phases of gallium. The stable phase ␣-gallium is dominantly formed when the average size of particles is no less than 0.8 micron, and the metastable phases ␤-, ␥-and ␦-gallium are mainly formed when the average particle size is 0.8-0.6 micron, 0.6-0.3 micron, and below 0.3 micron, respectively. The phase selection in the solidification process under undercooling is used to explain the results.

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Mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is known as the terminal executor of necroptosis. However, its function outside of necroptosis is still not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that MLKL promotes vascular inflammation by regulating the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM1, VCAM1, and E-selectin in endothelial cells (EC). MLKL deficiency suppresses the expression of these adhesion molecules, thereby reducing EC-leukocyte interaction in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that MLKL interacts with RBM6 to promote the mRNA stability of adhesion molecules. In conclusion, this study identified a novel role of MLKL in regulating endothelial adhesion molecule expression and local EC-leukocyte interaction during acute inflammation.

Background: The experimental materials were a 60-year-old tea tree (Camellia sinensis cv. Shu Cha Zao; SCZ) (the mother plant) and 1-year-old and 20-year-old plants of SCZ that originated as mother plant cuttings. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing to study the spatial and dynamic distribution of endophytic fungi in different leaf niches (upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves) and rhizosphere soil on tea plants of different ages in the same garden. Results: Ascomycota (83.77%), Basidiomycota (11.71%), and Zygomycota (3.45%) were the dominant fungal phyla in all samples. Cladosporium (12.73%), Zymoseptoria (9.18%), and Strelitziana (13.11%) were the dominant genera in the leaf. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that endophytic communities in leaves differed from those in rhizosphere soil and different leaf niches had similar fungal diversity. Shannon's indices and NMDS analysis indicated significant differences in fungal diversity and composition among the SCZ trees of different ages (p ≤ 0.01). The abundance of Cladosporium and Zymoseptoria decreased with increasing SCZ age, whereas the abundance of Strelitziana increased. Conclusions: The results illustrate variation in endophytic fungi among different niches on tea plants of different ages. The distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of C. sinensis shows spatiotemporal variation.

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