In the rehabilitation related teaching as in other subjects of the medical training multiple choice (MC) examinations are the most frequent type of examinations. Compared to other subjects only a few MC questions are available for the interdisciplinary subject Rehabilitation. Therefore an internet-based online platform "Pool of rehabilitation related MC questions" was developed to assist teachers regarding the provision, design and organization of high-quality rehabilitation related MC questions. A total of 502 existing MC questions were collected from 12 German Medical Faculties. After removal of 59 questions not suitable for formal and content reasons a total of 443 questions were presented to 6 reviewers for triple reviews (a total of 1 329 expert reviews received). Of the 502 questions 335 (67%) were included in the final pool including short cases with 46 case studies. The questions refer to the following learning objectives: principles of rehabilitation (40%), rehabilitative interventions (20%), diagnosis and assessment (18%), initiation and control of the rehabilitation process (12%) and methods/quality of rehabilitative interventions (10%). The use of the online platform modules resp. the questions are for free for lecturers. This includes the compilation and output of complete examinations, the statistical evaluation, and other audit-related materials. This examination pool counteracts the current lack of quality-assured rehabilitation-related MC questions and contributes to set common standards for the Medical Faculties to rehabilitation related examinations.
ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag bietet ein selektives Literaturreview zur Effektivität psychoonkologischer Interventionen. Die bei Krebskranken am häufigsten untersuchten Interventionen sind supportiv-expressive (psychodynamische) und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Therapien sowie psychoedukative Programme. Diese Ansätze unterscheiden sich weniger in ihren Inhalten als in den Techniken, insbesondere dem Grad der Strukturierung. Wenngleich generell Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit dieser Interventionen vorliegt, kommen Reviews teilweise zu inkonsistenten Bewertungen. Metaanalysen erbrachten Effektstärken in einem breiten Spektrum, das von kleinen bis zu großen Effekten reicht. Am erfolgreichsten scheinen strukturierte psychoedukative Interventionen zu sein. Als Mediatoren, die die Wirkung psychoedukativer Interventionen auf psychisches Befinden und Lebensqualität vermitteln, wurden eine höhere Selbstwirksamkeit, ein besseres Selbstwertgefühl und weniger intrusive Gedanken identifiziert.
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