Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek pemberian inulin dari umbi Dahlia variabilis, baik dalam bentuk tepung maupun ekstrak, terhadap keberadaan mikroba usus halus pada ayam kampung persilangan periode starter. Materi penelitian adalah 280 ekor ayam kampung persilangan unsex, dan tepung maupun ekstrak umbi dahlia sebagai sumber inulin yang mulai diberikan pada umur 22 hari. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan (masing-masing 10 ekor ayam). Perlakuan terdiri dari : T0 (ransum basal/RB), T1 (RB+0,4% tepung umbi dahlia), T2 (RB +0,8% tepung umbi dahlia), T3 (RB+1,2% tepung umbi dahlia), T4 (RB+0,39% ekstrak umbi dahlia), T5 (RB+0,78% ekstrak umbi dahlia), dan T6 (RB+1,17% ekstrak umbi dahlia). Parameter yang diamati adalah bakteri asam laktat (BAL), Escherichia coli, pH digesta usus halus (duodenum, jejunum dan ileum), laju digesta, dan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH). Data dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan, serta polinomial ortogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian inulin dalam bentuk tepung maupun ekstrak umbi dahlia nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan populasi BAL dan PBBH, tetapi menurunkan jumlah Escherichia coli, pH, dan memperlambat laju digesta. Simpulan penelitian adalah pemberian inulin dari umbi dahlia dalam bentuk tepung optimum pada taraf 0,9% dan dalam bentuk ekstrak masih linier sampai taraf 1,17%. Kata kunci : ayam kampung persilangan, inulin umbi dahlia, mikroba usus halus, pertambahan bobot badan harian ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to study the effects of feeding inulin derived from Dahlia variabilis tuber powder and extract on the existence of intestinal microbes in crossbred native chicken starter. Experimental animals were 280 unsex crossbred native chickens and powder and extract of dahlia tuber as source of inulin, which were started to be fed on day 22. The present experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications (10 birds each). The treatments were: T0 (basal diet/BD), T1 (BD+0.4% powder form), T2 (BD+0.8% powder form), T3 (BD+1.2% powder form), T4 (BD+0.39% extract form), T5 (BD+0.78% extract form), and T6 (BD+1.17% extract form). Parameters measured were the number of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Escherichia coli, intestinal potential hydrogen (pH) (duodenal, jejunal and ileal), rate of passage and daily body weight gain (DBWG). Data were subjected to ANOVA and followed by Duncan and polynomial orthogonal test. The results indicated that feeding inulin derived from dahlia tuber powder and extract form significantly (P<0.05) increased LAB population and DBWG, but decreased Escherichia coli number and intestinal pH, and slow the rate of passage. In conclusion, feeding inulin of dahlia tuber powder was optimum at 0.9% but that of extract is linier until 1.17%. Keywords : crossbred native chicken, inulin of dahlia tuber, intestinal microbes, daily gain Inulin Derived from Dahlia variabilis Tuber on Intestinal Microbes (L. Krismiyanto et al.

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Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with multi-strain probiotic preparation in combination with vitamins and minerals on the hematological parameters and selected intestinal microbiota populations in the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens.Materials and Methods:A total of 240 one-day-old Indonesian indigenous crossbred chicks were raised for 10 weeks. The chicks were distributed to one of four groups, i.e., chicks receiving basal diet without any additive (CONT), chicks receiving basal diet with 0.04% of zinc bacitracin (AGP), chicks receiving basal diet with 0.01% of commercial probiotic Bacillus subtilis preparation (PROB1), and chicks receiving basal diet with 0.5% of multi-strain probiotic preparation in combination with vitamins and minerals (PROB2). Blood was collected on the week 8, while the internal organs and eviscerated carcasses were collected on the week 10.Results:PROB2 tended (p=0.09) to have a lower body weight (BW) compared to CONT chicks. Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in PROB1 and PROB2 compared to CONT birds. The number of thrombocytes tended (p=0.09) to be higher in CONT than in other groups. Antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus vaccine was higher (p<0.05) in PROB1 and PROB2 than in CONT group. Serum triglyceride concentration was lower (p<0.05) in PROB2 than in other birds. AGP chicks had lower (p<0.05) serum total protein and globulin concentrations than CONT and PROB1 chicks. Serum albumin level was lower (p<0.05) in PROB2 than in CONT and PROB1 birds. Albumin to globulin ratio tended (p=0.06) to be higher in AGP than in other birds. Lactose-negative Enterobacteriaceae tended (p=0.07) to be lower in PROB1 and PROB2 than in CONT group. PROB1 and PROB2 tended (p=0.06) to have greater lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population than in CONT and AGP birds.Conclusion:Multi-strain probiotic preparation in combination with vitamins and minerals was able to improve immune response and control the potentially pathogenic bacteria. However, the additive could not improve the growth performance of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens.

The study investigated the effect of acidified turmeric, black pepper or its combination on growth and meat quality of broilers. The Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. fruit filtrate was used to acidify the herbs. A number of 392 day-old Lohmann broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four groups, including CONT (control diet), TRMC (diet supplemented with 1% acidified turmeric), BLPR (1% acidified black pepper) and TRPR (1% acidified turmeric and 1% acidified black pepper). Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were weekly recorded. Internal organ weight and carcase traits were determined at day 35. The CONT and TRMC showed greater (p < 0.05) weight gain than BLPR and TRPR. The FCR was lower (p < 0.05) in TRMC than in BLPR and TRPR, but did not differ from CONT. The gizzard was greater (p < 0.05) in BLPR than that in CONT and TRMC. The BLPR had smaller (p < 0.05) pancreas than other chickens. Abdominal fat was lower (p < 0.05) in TRMC, BLPR and TRPR than that in CONT, of which BLPR was the lowest. Drumstick was greater (p < 0.05) in BLPR than in CONT. CONT had lighter and less yellow (p < 0.05) breast meats than other broilers. In thigh meats, the lightness (L*) values were higher (p < 0.05) in CONT than in TRMC and BLPR. The yellowness (b*) were lower (p < 0.05) in CONT than in TRPR meats. In conclusion, acidified turmeric reduced abdominal fat deposition and improved meat quality of broilers.

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of fermentation using Chrysonillia crassa and Monascus purpureus on nutritional qualities, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the used rice as a poultry feed ingredient. Materials and Methods: The used rice was soaked, steamed, and spread on a tray to cool. Suspension of M. purpureus or C. crassa was inoculated on the steamed used rice, and then mixed thoroughly. Afterward, the mixture was spread out on the tray, which was then covered with an aluminum foil. It was aerobically incubated for 7 and 4 days for the M. purpureus - and C. crassa -inoculated used rice, respectively. Subsequent to sun drying, the fermented used rice was grounded and analyzed. Results: Crude protein and ash contents were higher ( p < 0.05) in the used rice fermented with C. crassa or M. purpureus than in the unfermented. Conversely, carbohydrate content was lower ( p < 0.05) in the fermented compared with the unfermented. Gross energy and energy from fat were higher ( p < 0.05) in the used rice fermented with M. purpureus than the unfermented. Amino acids L-methionine, L-serine, L-glutamic acid, L-valine glycine, L-leucine, L proline, L-threonine, L-histidine, and L-Sistine were higher ( p < 0.05) in M. purpureus -fermented used rice than in C. crassa -fermented and the unfermented used rice. However, amino acids L-isoleucine, L- alanine, L-lysine, and L-tryptophan were higher ( p < 0.05) in the used rice fermented with both C. crassa and M. purpureus , compared with the unfermented. L-tyrosine content was higher ( p < 0.05) in M. purpureus -fermented used rice than in the unfermented. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the fermented products were higher ( p < 0.05) than that of the unfermented. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the fermented products against Staphylococcus aureus were higher ( p < 0.05) than that of the unfermented used rice. Conclusion: In conclusion, the used rice fermented using C. crassa and M. purpureus improved the nutritional quality, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the products.

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The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation in Kedu and Cemani hens reraed in situ and given farmer-formulated diet on egg performances. A total of 120 female and 24 male birds were equally divided into two groups of Kedu and Cemani, with average body weight of 1890+216.79 and 1830+396.23 g, respectively. Basal ration was based on the diet formulated by the farmer (R1) consisting of corn (30%), rice bran (50%), protein concentrate (15%), and premix (5%).Dietary treatments evaluated were R1 (without additional vitamin E), and the other three were the inclusion of DL α-tocopheryl acetate into the R1 diet up to 2 (R2), 4 (R3) and 6 IU (R4). The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments, and 2 different groups of hen (Kedu and Cemani) were assigned as block. Parameters observed were feed consumption, hen day production, feed conversion ratio, egg quality, fertility, and hatchability. The result showed that vitamin E supplementation did not affect whatever parameters, except egg fertility. Egg hatchability between Kedu and Cemani hens was significantly different (p<0.05). Trend comparison test indicated significantly linear (p<0.05) for fertility and hatchability. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation up to 6 IU increased linearly egg fertility and hatchability of about 5-8%, and egg hatchability of Kedu hens was higher (11%) than that of Cemani.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broiler chickens raised at a high stocking density. After 15 days of rearing, 370 Lohmann broiler chicks were assigned to five treatment groups, including T0 (chicks were raised at a density of 10 birds/m2 and received no additive), T1 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received no additive), T2 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 0.5 g/kg encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract), T3 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 1.0 g/kg additive), and T4 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 1.5 g/kg additive). On days 28 and 42, blood samples from two chicks per pen were collected. On day 42, the chicks that had been blood-sampled were sacrificed, and blood samples and lymphoid organs (i.e., bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus) were collected. The daily weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers (P < 0.01) in groups T2 and T3 were higher than those of broilers in groups T0, T1, and T4. Daily feed intake was greater (P < 0.01) in groups T0 and T1 than in groups T2 and T3. The erythrocyte content and hematocrit value of groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 were greater (P < 0.05) than those of group T0. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in group T4 was lower (P < 0.05) than that in groups T0, T1, and T2. Leukocyte and lymphocyte levels were higher in group T1 (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Serum albumin was higher in chicks reared at a high density (P < 0.05) than in chicks reared at a normal density. Lesion scores were higher in group T1 (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Chicks in groups T1 and T2 showed more severe pathological changes in their bursa of Fabricius compared with those in groups T0, T3, and T4. Serum superoxide dismutase was higher in groups T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05) than in groups T0 and T1. Chicks in group T4 had higher (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde levels than chicks in other groups. In conclusion, a high stocking density influences the metabolic rate and physiological conditions of broiler chicks, as reflected by alterations in the blood profiles of the animals. Stress due to a high stocking density could damage the bursa of Fabricius, but feeding with encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract, especially at a rate of 1.5 g/kg, could alleviate the cortical and lymphocyte cell depletion of broilers. Regardless of the stocking density effect, dietary supplementation with encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg could improve the daily weight gain of broilers.