Objective: To investigate factors influencing the practices of partial breast-feeding (PBF) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF). Results: The initiation rates of PBF and EBF were 81% and 63%, respectively. However, the median durations of PBF and EBF were very short: 12 and 8 weeks, respectively. According to stepwise logistic and Cox regression analyses, the more prenatal care women received, the more likely they were to initiate PBF and EBF but the less likely to continue EBF. Delivery by Caesarean section decreased the initiation of PBF and EBF. The mother's education level and employment status before marriage, the amount of prenatal care, delivery method and baby's status at birth affected breast-feeding initiation, whereas the amount of prenatal care influenced breast-feeding duration. Conclusion: To promote breast-feeding, education and campaigning on the importance of continued breast-feeding should be provided to the general public, particularly to health workers in maternity units.
Understanding the country-specific factors affecting smoking behavior and selecting an appropriate anti-smoking measure could greatly reduce smoking participation and cigarette consumption.
A direct B(4)–H monoacyloxylation
via a Pd-catalyzed regioselective
B(4)–H activation of o-carborane acids with
phenyliodonium dicarboxylates was developed, and a series of B(4)–H
monoacyloxylated o-carboranes decorated with active
groups were synthesized with moderate to good yields as well as excellent
selectivity. In addition, a direct B(4,5)–H diacetoxylation
from o-carborane acids with phenyliodonium diacetate
was demonstrated.
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