Breast-feeding in South Korea: factors influencing its initiation and duration

Chung, Woojin; Kim, Hanjoong; Nam, Chung Mo

doi:10.1017/s136898000700047x

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several studies have found that cesarean delivery is a barrier for breastfeeding [11]–[17], which is consistent with the current study results in a low-risk Chinese population. However, all previous studies used actual route of delivery as the measurement of exposure, while in the current study we analyzed the effects of delivery on breastfeeding by planned mode of delivery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months [9], [10]. It has been well established that women who undergo cesarean delivery are less likely to initiate breastfeeding and exclusively breastfeed their baby compared to those who have a vaginal delivery [11]–[17]. However, this finding should be interpreted with caution as cesarean delivery is often associated with pregnancy complications, which may affect a woman's decision and ability to initiate breastfeeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request and Method of Newborn Feeding in China

et al. 2012

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BackgroundCesarean delivery has increased significantly during the last decades. This study aimed to investigate the association between planned mode of delivery and method of feeding.Methodology/Principal FindingsA cohort was created retrospectively using data from a population-based maternal and child health surveillance system, which covers 27 study sites in China from 1993 to 2006. The cohort consisted of 431,704 women for analysis, including 22,462 women with planned cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) and 409,242 women with planned vaginal delivery (VD). Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between mode of delivery and method of feeding adjusting for selected covariates. In this cohort, 398,176 (92.2%) women exclusively breastfed their baby, 28,798 (6.7%) women chose mixed feeding, and 4,730 (1.1%) women chose formula feeding before hospital discharge. Women who planned CDMR were less likely to exclusively breastfeed and more likely to formula feed their babies than those who planned VD. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratios were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81–0.89) for exclusive breastfeeding and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.45–1.79) for formula feeding. Associations between planned mode of delivery and method of feeding in the south, north, rural and urban areas yielded similar results.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that planned CDMR was associated with a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding and a higher rate of formula feeding in a low-risk Chinese population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request and Method of Newborn Feeding in China

et al. 2012

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“…More and more Korean infants, children and adolescents, not just adults, now use sunscreen from spring to winter in recent years. Most importantly, breast feeding has been increased by many mothers with a belief that breast milk is a perfect nutrient for babies, and some are even pressured to breastfeed 39,40). Moreover almost all babies tend to be kept indoors until 2 months and tend to be swaddled in clothes or blankets indoors due to old customs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in infants aged 1 to 6 months

2013

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PurposeThe aim of this study was to recognize the state of vitamin D among healthy infants aged 1 to 6 months in South Korea, and also to identify the risk factors affecting the level of vitamin D.MethodsA total of 117 infants were enrolled in this study for 12 months, from March 1, 2011 to February 29, 2012. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured and data including birth weight, body weight, sex, feeding pattern, delivery mode, siblings and maternal age and occupation were collected. Data was mainly analyzed with independent t-test model.ResultsWe determined that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25[OH]D<20 ng/mL [50 mmol/L]) was 48.7% in the population investigated. Particularly in breastfed infants, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was strikingly high (90.4%). The mean serum level of 25(OH)D in breastfed infants was lower than that of formula fed infants (9.35 ng/mL vs. 28.79 ng/mL). Also female infants showed lower mean serum level of 25(OH)D than male. Mean serum values of calcium and phosphorus had positive correlation with vitamin D state (P<0.001).ConclusionVitamin D deficiency was found to be very common in infants aged 1 to 6 months in South Korea, and breast feeding was the most critical risk factor of vitamin D deficiency. Therefore we suggest to start vitamin D supplementation in South Korea, as soon as possible, to all infants, including breastfed and female infants.

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“…Six studies (7,36,40,121,123,130) included only infants born at term. A random-effects meta-regression showed that the OR for early breastfeeding in these studies was not significantly different from the OR for studies not limited to term infants (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.97; P = 0.34).…”

Section: Full-term Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%