Abstract. Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Yurianti YA, Rahmahani J, Harijani N, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 304-310.  The purpose of this research was to identify multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli from cloacal swab of broiler chicken in several wet markets in Surabaya. This study used 60 broiler chicken samples, with cloacal swab method. The samples were isolated and identified to find Escherichia coli with several procedures, MacConckey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). Antibiotic sensitivity test was tested by using Kirby-Bauer (Disc Diffusion Method) with antibiotics: Aztreonam, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, and Ciprofloxacin. From research, it can be illustrated that the isolates resistant to antibiotic Ciprofloxacin were 67% and Tetracycline was 65%. Total 97% isolates were found sensitive for Aztreonam, 73% for Chloramphenicol, and 55% for Gentamicin. Twelve isolates identified for MDR and two were ESBL. It can be explained that broiler chicken from wet market should be considered as a source of transmission for MDR and ESBL of E. coli to the public health.

Abstract. Ansharieta R, Ramandinianto SC, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1600-1605. The emergence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria and its increasing level has become public health issue. The presence of these bacteria in food of animal origin is quite alarming. The objective of this study was to detect and characterize Escherichia coli producing ESBL encoding genes, isolated from 200 raw cow milk samples in East Java, Indonesia. The results of this study showed that 70.5% of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, based on the morphological growth of colonies on the EMB Agar and biochemical IMViC tests. In this study, the double-disc synergy test (DDST) method was used to confirm the ESBL, and previously sorted out presumptively by using Aztreonam antibiotic disc. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime for DDST. In addition, ESBL confirmation with Multiplex PCR method for blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes were done. The presence of ESBL-producing by E. coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java were 2.12% (3/141). The PCR results showed that the double blaCTX-M and blaTEM gene harbored by 2 ESBL isolates and one blaTEM gene as many as 1 ESBL isolate. Thus, the findings of our study indicate that milk can be a good reservoir of bacteria carrying blaCTX-M and blaTEM ESBL resistance genes with the potential to affect human health.

Pigs have potentially to transmit zoonotic gastrointestinal parasite disease both caused by protozoa and worm. The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites that were potentially zoonotic in pigs in the province of Bali. A total of 100 fresh feces samples was collected from several pig farms in Bali, from Badung and Tabanan districts, each consisted of 50 samples. Pig feces samples were examined for the presence of eggs worms, cysts and oocysts for protozoa based on the morphology and size. Identification for protozoa and worms used native, sedimentation and sucrose flotation methods. Parameters measured were sex, feed and cage management. The result showed that the characteristic parameters for pigs in both district were generally female. Cage management for raising pigs mostly used group cage. Feed that provided in both district mostly used bran and concentrate. All of 100 pig feces samples that examined positive for parasites. There were 8 types of gastrointestinal parasites that have been identified. Four types of protozoa found were Entamoeba sp. (99%), Balantidium sp. (79%), Eimeria sp. (78%), Blastocystis sp. (69%) and four types of worms were Ascaris sp. (20%), Trichuris sp. (20%), Strongyloides sp. (19%), and Oesophagostomum sp. (8%). All pigs were infected with two or more parasites. The prevalence of parasitic gastrointestinal infections was different for each district, six genera (Entamoeba sp., Balantidium sp., Blastocystis sp., Eimeria sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Trichuris sp.) were higher found in Tabanan district and the two genera (Ascaris sp. and Strongyloides sp.) were higher in Badung district. Oesophagostomum sp. was only found to infect pigs in Tabanan district. The conclusion is gastrointestinal parasites that found in pigs at Badung and Tabanan district Bali Province mostly have zoonotic potential.

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Escherichia coli is one of bacteria which have resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents. E. coli having resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs can be defined as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of Shiga toxin gen in MDR E. coli. A total of 250 raw milks samples were taken from dairy farms in Kediri,

This research aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) on the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats induced with gentamicin. This study used 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 8-12 weeks with 150-200 grams body weight. Negative control group (C-) was injected with aquadest and given 0.5% Na-CMC orally, positive control group (C+) was induced with gentamicin injection of 5 mg/kg BW/day and given 0.5% Na-CMC orally, while groups T1, T2, and T3 were induced with gentamicin at the same dose and treated orally with MLE of 200, 316, 500 mg/kg BW/day. Analysis of variance showed significant differences and further analysis using Duncan Multiple Range Test showed difference in each group. The results showed that treatment with MLE of 500 mg/kg BW/day improved the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats injected with gentamicin. It could be concluded that MLE restored the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats induced with gentamicin.

This study aims to evaluate the expression of BAX, BCL-2, and BAX/BCL-2 ratio in maturation media of cow oocytes which supplemented with Urea in vitro because BAX and BCL-2 are the main regulators of apoptosis. A total of 263 oocytes from follicle aspirations originating from ovaries taken from slaughterhouses and were saturated with 3 addition of urea which was divided into three groups. The control group (P0) was control group without the addition of urea, P1 group was added with urea 20 mg/dL, while P2 group was added with urea 40 mg/dL. The results of in vitro oocyte maturation were continued with identification using immunocytochemical staining with the addition of BAX and BCL-2 antibodies. Positive results showed a brownish color on the oocyte and its cumulus. The results of this study indicated that there were significant differences (P0.05) in BAX and BCL-2 expression, although both curves were equally increase. The increase in BCL-2 was more significant than BAX, while the BAX BCL-2 ratio did not show a significant difference (P0.05) in whichthe curve of BAX/BCL-2 ratio was decreased. It can be concluded that the addition of urea does not affect the level of apoptosis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointesatinal parasites in cats at Surabaya shelter. Eighty two samples of cat feces used in this study were taken from Griya satwa shelter and Kiro cat shelter. Feces samples were examined using the native, sedimentation and floating methods. Feces samples gastrointestinal parasite were identified by using a microscope with 400x and 1000x magnifications. Faces samples that are diagnosed positively if there is at least one of the three methods. Feces samples has observed, obtained prevalence rate of 43.9% or 36 positive samples from eighty two samples. The results of chi square analysis showed that p > 0.05, which showed that the parasites taken in the two shelters had clear differences in the prevalence of the gastrointestinal tract parasites. The parasites observed were Isospora sp., Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara cati and Toxocara leonina.