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A series of new indole derivatives 1-18 was synthesized and tested for their cytotoxic activity on a panel of 60 tumor cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking was carried out to study their binding pattern and binding affinity in the VEGFR-2 active site using sorafenib as a reference VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Based on the molecular docking results, compounds 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 14b, 18b, and 18c were selected to be evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. Compound 18b exhibited a broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity on 47 cell lines, with GI % ranging from 31 to 82.5%. Moreover, compound 18b was the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC value of 0.07 μM, which is more potent than that of sorafenib (0.09 μM). A molecular docking study attributed the promising activity of this series to their hydrophobic interaction with the VEGFR-2 binding site hydrophobic side chains and their hydrogen bonding interaction with the key amino acids Glu885 and/or Asp1046.

Due to the importance of biological activities of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, in this manuscript, ten of newly synthesized compounds containing 1,2,4-triazine moiety were prepared. Anticancer and antimicrobial activities of some selected synthesized compounds were screened. Chalcone derivatives 6, 7 were synthesized via reaction of Mannich base 2 in acetic acid and fused sodium acetate with formyl khellin 5 or vanillin. Treatment of chalcone derivatives 6, 7 toward hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine, hydroxylamine hydrochloride or malononitrile, respectively, led to give pyrazoline 8, 9, 10, 11, oxazole 12, 13 and pyridine 14, 15 derivatives, respectively. The structures of the isolated products were established by elementary analysis and spectral data studies. Compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 were tested against different human cancer cell lines, and cytotoxicity in vitro and most of the synthesized compounds were proved to have high activities against cytotoxic test. Then, the compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 were tested against cancer in vivo, and the result was established. Also, antimicrobial activity of compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 was screened in vitro against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens and fungi. The results indicated that compound 5 showed higher antimicrobial activity than compounds 1, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14, and compound 5 exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria and fungi, greater than well-known antibacterial and antifungal agents with minimal inhibitory concentration ranged between 6.25 and 25 lg.

2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (1) condensed with carbaldehydes 2a,b to give the respective thienopyrimidines (3a,b), which reacted with phosphoryl chloride and hydrazine hydrate to afford the respective pyrimidinohydrazines (4a,b). Compound 4a condensed with acetophenone under Vilsmeier conditions to afford the formylated pyrazolopyrimidine 6. Condensation of 4a with active methylenes produced the respective pyrazolopyrimidines (7-11). Besides, 4a condensed with succinic anhydride and with phthalic anhydride, yielding the pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 12 and the isoindoline-1,3-dione 13, respectively. Moreover, 4a reacted with isatin to afford the hydrazono-indolin-2-one 14. Structural elucidations for the new thienopyrimidines were based upon compatible analytical and spectroscopic results. Eleven of the new compounds were tested and found active against influenza A neuraminidase virus (H3N2). Compounds 12 and 13 were the most potent.

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