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In recent years, barley has attracted more interest as a food and feed source because of its high soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content compared with other small grains. Twenty-five barley genotypes (20 imported genotypes and five check cultivars) were grown in three environments for two successive seasons: 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The first environment was in El-Nubaria, Alexandria, Egypt during 2015/2016, while the second and third environments were in El-Bostan, Elbhera, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with the three replicates. The primary objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance of 20 imported barley genotypes under several environmental conditions. The imported materials were superior to the local commercial cultivars for several traits, including grain yield. Therefore, the superior genotypes will be further evaluated and used in barley breeding programs. Our future work will focus on creating several crosses among the selected superior genotypes to improve yield and other important traits, while applying marker-assisted selection.

The objectives of this study were to compare the application and utility of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques for analysis of genetic diversity among the somaclonal variants derived from the in vitro selection procedures and their parental plants, and to compare genetic diversity estimated using molecular markers with morphoagronomic traits. 27 bread wheat genotypes comprised two parental varieties (Gemmisa-1 and Sakha-69), six somaclonal variant lines derived from the parental cultivar (Gemmisa-1) and 17 somaclonal variant lines derived from the parental cultivar (Sakha-69) and two local check varieties were used in this study. They were evaluated phenotypically and with molecular markers. All the dendrograms generated from standardized morpho-agronomic, ISSR, RAPD and the combined dendrograms (ISSR + RAPD + morpho-agronomic) data separated the 27 wheat genotypes into two main groups which diverged at similarity index of an average 0.479, 0.488, 0.501 and 0.282, respectively. In this study, positive moderate correlation (0.588 and 0.483) was found between agronomical traits and the two molecular markers (RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively) and very weak correlations were found between the other matrices.

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Panicum antidotale Retz (Blue Panicum) is considered as a new forage crop recently introduced to Egypt, which emphasizes the need for an assessment of its tolerance to salinity stresses. The objectives of the study were to (1) investigate the effect of various levels of salt stress on seed germination, (2) define the threshold of damage by increasing concentration of salt stress, (3) determine the possibility of enhancing seed germination by pretreatment of seeds with lisophos and (4) examine the possibility of synergism between lisophos and low salinity level as to alleviate salt to germinate at certain a concentration of lisophos. Results showed that at a certain extent, there was a synergistic effect between salt concentrations and the percentage of seed germination. Since the soil content with NaCl of 1000 or 3000 ppm led to a significant increase in the germination (61.75% and 53.95% respectively) as compared with the control (47.70%). The influence of various used concentrations (0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 40 ppm) of the natural compound lisophos on germination percentage of the pretreating seeds revealed that the control seeds had the least germination percentage among all treatments. To check the possibility of alleviating salinity stress injury, lisophos used concentrations at 5 ppm and 20ppm, were used to protect the seed then seeds were exposed to salinity stress concentrations. Data showed that there was a significant increase in the germination percentage of Blue Panicum by the application of lisophos at 5 ppm to salt exposed seeds at 5000 ppm. On other hand data indicated that there was an adverse effect on the germination percentage by applying lisophos at 20 ppm in the presence of salinity at 3000 ppm or 5000 ppm since the highest percentage was obtained with the control. This study may add valuable information about Panicum antidotale tolerance to salinity as well as capability and potentialty of lithophosphatidyl ethanol amine (lisophosph or LPE) as growth regulators in stimulating germination of Panicum antidotale seeds and alleviating the damage of salinity to the ability of seeds to germinate.

This study was conducted to detect quantitative trait loci QTL associated with drought tolerance in wheat genotypes by the SSR markers and to provide valuable information for marker assisted selection. SSR markers linked to flag leaf senescence (FLS) was identified in two DNA pools, which were established using F 2 mapping population resulting from a cross between a drought sensitive genotype 'Variant-11' and drought tolerant genotype 'Veery'. Parents were screened initially with 34 SSR primer pairs. The linkage map was constructed with the six linked markers into one linkage group covering 82.7cM. QTL detection with analysis of variance showed that all of the six markers were significantly associated with drought tolerance in this population. Single marker regression (SMR) analysis revealed that R-square percentage ranged from 39.3% (Xgwm339) and 12.3% (Xgwm577). Simple interval mapping (SIM) located a QTL for leaf flag senescence between markers interval Xgwm566 and Xgwm339, while composite interval mapping (CIM) indicated a QTL location between the interval marker Xgwm296 and Xgwm566. The SSR markers can be used for the detection of QTLs 18Hanaa Mahdy Abouzied et al.quantitative trait loci linked with flag leaf senescence as indicator for drought tolerance.

This investigation was conducted to study the application and utility of Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques for analysis of genetic diversity among the somaclonal variants derived from the in vitro selection procedures and their parental plants, and to compare genetic diversity estimated using molecular markers with morphoagronomic traits. Twenty seven bread wheat genotypes comprised two parental varieties (Gemmisa-1 and Sakha-69), six somaclonal variant lines derived from the parental cultivar (Gemmisa-1) and seventeen somaclonal variant lines derived from the parental cultivar (Sakha-69) and two local check varieties were used in this study. All generated dendrograms from standardized morpho-agronomic, ISSR, RAPD and the combined dendrogram (ISSR + RAPD + morpho-agronomic) data separated the twenty seven wheat genotypes into two main groups which diverged at similarity index of averages 0.479, 0.488, 0.501 and 0.282, respectively. Positive moderate correlations (0.588 and 0.483) were found between agronomical traits and the two molecular markers (RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively) and very weak correlations were found between the other matrices.

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