In order to estimate effective population size, generation interval and the development of inbreeding coefficients (F x ) in three original breeds of cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic: Silesian Noriker (SN), Noriker (N) and Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (CMB) all animals of the particular breeds born from 1990 to 2007 were analysed. The average values of generation interval between parents and their offspring were: 8.53 in SN, 8.88 in N and 8.56 in CMB. Average values of effective population size were estimated to be: 86.3 in SN, 162.3 in N and 104.4 in CMB. The average values of inbreeding coefficient were 3.13 % in SN stallions and 3.39 % in SN mares, in the N breed 1.76 % and 1.26 % and in the CMB breed 3.84 % and 3.26 % respectively. Overall averages of F x were: 3.23 %, 1.51 % and 3.55 % for the breeds SN, N and CMB. The average value of inbreeding coefficient F x increased by 1.22 % in SN, by 0.35 % in N and by 1.01 % in CMB, respectively. This may lead to a reduction in genetic variability. Reduction in genetic variability could be either controlled in cooperation with corresponding populations of cold-blooded breeds in other European countries or controlled by number of sires used in population. Keywords
The paper deals with the comparison of results of students in the lessons of Business English e-learning course with face-to-face teaching at the Faculty of Economics and Management of the CULS in Prague. E-learning as a method of instruction refers to learning using technology, such as the Internet, CD-ROMs and portable devices. A current trend in university teaching is a particular focus on e-learning method of studies enhancing the quality and effectiveness of studies and self-studies. In the paper we have analysed the current state in the area of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) e-learning research, pointed out the results of a pilot ESP e-learning course in testing a control and an experimental group of students and results of questionnaires with views of students on e-learning. The paper focuses on the experimental verification of e-learning influence on the results of both groups of students. Online study material supports an interactive form of the teaching by means of multimedia application. It could be used not only for full-time students but also for distance students and centers of lifelong learning.
The assessment of the e-learning courses as supportive tools for a blended learning environment is important for making the courses more useful and effective. A questionnaire survey based on a multiple criteria model (HELAM) was developed and applied to 536 students in the full time form of study. The evaluated courses were based on the LMS Moodle system. The statistical analysis showed generally high satisfaction of the users with the courses. Some problems were found in the communication between the students and the teachers. The most important negative influence can have the low motivation of students who are ready to work at the minimal extent, only to pass the exam. Subsequent test dealt with differences in answers of students from different branch of study, different year, men and women. Dependency of the answers on gender was not statistically significant. The most remarkable differences in the e-learning courses evaluation were found for the groups of students from the second and third year.
ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of melanoma to investigate a possible genetic variation of this trait in the Old Kladruber horse. A total of 564 grey varieties of the Old Kladruber horse, 238 males and 326 females, with five generations of ancestors (n = 1245 animals) were analysed. Melanoma status was recorded for different stages. Three different analyses were conducted: a linear animal model (LM) with melanoma classified into five categories, threshold animal model (TM) with melanoma classified into five categories and threshold animal model (TMb) with melanoma classified into two categories (0 = absence, 1 = presence). All models included the fixed effects of year of evaluation, age, line, sex, greying level, random direct genetic effect, and the effect of animal's permanent environment. Heritability for melanoma occurrence was estimated for LM -0.09, for TM -0.27, and for TMb -0.11. The coefficient of repeatability was estimated for LM -0.77, for TM -0.90, and for TMb -0.99. The values of the Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearmen's rank correlation coefficient among breeding values estimated by LM, TM, and TMb models were from 0.82 to 0.88 and from 0.83 to 0.90, respectively, for data with pedigree information and from 0.77 to 0.84 and 0.77 to 0.88, respectively, for a subset of animals with measurements. Results suggest that additive genetic variation of melanoma occurrence in the Old Kladruber horse seems large enough to be exploited in a specific breeding programme.
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