Background: Divorce is one of the most stressful events leading to emotional distress and behavioral problems in individuals. Meanwhile, women are more vulnerable than men to the consequences of divorce. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive emotional regulation, resilience, and self-control strategies in divorced women. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test with a control group was conducted on all divorced women referring to the Justice Counseling Center in Babol, Iran in the second half of the year 2017 and the first half of the year 2018. The samples were selected using available sampling and divided into the experimental and control groups (n=30 per group). Data collection tools included the Cognitive Emotional Strategies Questionnaire, Resilient Scale, and Self-Control Questionnaire. Each group was first subjected to the pre-test. Then, the experimental group received ACT (Hayes et al., 2004) through 12 90-min sessions. The post-test was then performed for both groups. Data were analyzed using the SPSS. V. 22 software and multivariate covariance analysis test. Results: ACT was effective in cognitive regulation of positive emotion (F=67.88, P<0.0001), cognitive regulation of negative emotion (F=62.11, P<0.0001), resilience (F=61.95, P<0.0001), and self-control (F=38.36, P<0.0001). The mean score of cognitive regulation of positive emotion, cognitive regulation of negative emotion, resilient, and self-controlling in pre-test and post-test were not significantly different from each other (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that ACT led to an increase in positive cognitive regulation, resilient, self-controlling, and a decrease in negative cognitive regulation in divorced women.

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Background: Postmenopausal women experience tremendous changes that are not only hormonal, but also social and emotional, which reduce their quality of life. Limited research has been focused on perceived stress and the influential factors in women during menstruation. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the correlation between perceived stress and insomnia severity in postmenopausal women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 postmenopausal women referring to the healthcare centers in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019. Data were collected using the individual and sociodemographic questionnaire, perceived stress scale, and insomnia severity index. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation-coefficient to evaluate the correlation between perceived stress and insomnia severity. Results: The total mean score of perceived stress was 33.9 ± 13.8 (score range: 7 - 54), and the total mean score of insomnia was 15.1 ± 4.8 (score range: 6 - 28). The comparison of the total mean score of perceived stress showed a significant difference at various severities of insomnia (F [3, 186] = 12.31; P < 0.0001). According to the post-hoc results, the women with severe insomnia obtained the highest mean score of perceived stress compared to those with normal, mild, and moderate insomnia. Furthermore, the Pearson’s correlation-coefficient was indicative of a significant association between insomnia severity and the total score of perceived stress (r = 0.417; P < 0.0001). In other words, the women with higher scores of insomnia severity achieved higher scores of perceived stress comparatively. Conclusions: Insomnia and perceived stress are common and correlated in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the identification and treatment of postmenopausal women with stress and sleep disorders could remarkably improve their quality of life.

Background: Engaging students and focusing their attention on subjects has always been one of the most important challenges of teaching. Objectives: Was to develop a causal model of academic engagement based on the perception of classroom structure and emotional self-regulation with the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in female students of the second period of high school in districts 1 and 2 of Sanandaj city in the academic year of 2021 - 2022. Methods: The descriptive research method was correlation and structural equation model. 500 students were selected from the mentioned population using cluster sampling method. Reeve et al.'s Academic Engagement Questionnaires, Blackburn's (1998) classroom structure perception, Hoffman and Kashdan's emotional self-regulation, and Morgan and Jinks' academic self-efficacy questionnaires were used as measurement tools. Data analysis was done with SPSS-19 and Smart-PLS-3 software. Results: The findings showed the indirect and significant effect of perception of classroom structure and emotional self-regulation on academic engagement through academic self-efficacy. In other words, the findings showed that the perception of classroom structure and emotional self-regulation has a direct and significant effect on academic self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy on academic engagement. Also, perception of classroom structure and emotional self-regulation have a significant and direct effect on academic engagement. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that, in general, the perception of classroom structure and emotional self-regulation can be a suitable predictor for students' academic engagement through their academic self-efficacy.

Objectives: Personality and spiritual factors play an important role in the death anxiety of incurable patients. This research was performed to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between emotional regulation and spirituality, with death anxiety in cancer patients. Methods: Number of 290 cancer patients referring to the chemotherapy section of Imam Reza Hospital were selected using available sampling methods. The questionnaires that were considered to collect information were: (1) Demographic Information Questionnaire; (2) Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire; (3) Garnefski Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; (4) Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire; and (5) Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire; all the data from these questionnaires after completion and analysis of the data collected, structural equations were carried out using Smart Pls. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of cognitive regulation of emotion, spirituality and resilience on death anxiety is significant (P ≤ 0.01). Also, the direct effect of cognitive regulation of emotion and spirituality on resilience is significant (P ≤ 0.01). Furthermore the indirect cognitive regulation of emotion and spirituality on death anxiety mediated by resilience is significant (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study show the importance of personality and spiritual factors in psychological problems of cancer patients and have implications in the field of psychotherapy.

Background: Menopause is associated with physical and psychological as well as sleep problems that cause disruption in quality of life in women. Objectives: The question of whether the severity of physical and psychological symptoms correlated with the severity of insomnia in postmenopausal women is investigated in this study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 214 postmenopausal women referred to health centers in Kermanshah city between May 2019 and May 2020. Data collection tools included demographic and social characteristics questionnaires, Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation test using SPSS software. Results: The mean total score of insomnia severity was 14.3 ± 5. Also, according to the severity of insomnia, 22 women had no insomnia, but 88 and 87 women had mild and moderate insomnia and 17 women had severe insomnia, respectively. Comparing the mean scores of 11 MRS items in different insomnia severities showed a significant difference in the rate of symptoms, so that in the physical domain, hot flashes and sleep problems, and in the psychological domain, depression items, irritability, anxiety, poor memory and lack of concentration were higher in the sever insomnia, but none of the items of the genitourinary domain were associated with the severity of insomnia. Conclusions: Our study showed that in postmenopausal women, the rate of physical and psychological symptoms increases with higher severity of insomnia. Insomnia should be considered as a disorder that requires special attention and treatment in postmenopausal women.

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Background: Obesity and overweight are important factors in increasing psychological problems such as anxiety, mood, and personality disorders, which are components of mental health, and the occurrence of high-risk behaviors. Therefore, not only overweight can endanger the physical health, but also it can be a significant threat to the mental health of people. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health training program based on eating disorders on the positive and negative aspects of mental health in overweight women. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included overweight women referred to clubs and health centers in Kangavar, Iran, in 2019. Using the available sampling method, a total of 30 participants were selected and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions once a week at an eating disorder-based mental health training program, while the control group received no intervention. The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Lutz Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, and descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that the training program based on eating disorders led to a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the overall scores of general health and the positive and negative aspects of mental health (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, this educational program can be considered as an effective intervention in increasing the positive mental health of overweight women. So, along with other effective interventions, it should be on the agenda of psychologists, counselors, and behavioral scientists dealing with overweight people.