Many drugs have been found to induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is responsible for a large number of diseases. Chloroquine is one of the drugs, which can induce oxidative stress, when it is given at higher dose. Purpose: To find the effect of chloroquine as stress inducer on albino mice. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methodology: Sixty male albino mice were taken into this randomized controlled study. Those were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A was the control group while group B mice were given single oral dose of 970 mg/kg of body weight of chloroquine on 9th day of experiment. Terminal intracardiac blood sample was obtained on 17th day of experiment. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: When results of group B were compared with those of group A, there was highly significant (p= 0.000) rise in serum malondialdehyde level and highly significant (p= 0.000) decrease in serum glutathione peroxidase level. Conclusion: It was concluded that Chloroquine induces oxidative stress when it is given at the dose of 970 mg/kg of body weight in mice. Keywords: Chloroquine, Oxidative Stress and Malondialdehyde.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of serum anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptideantibody (anti-CCP) with serum rheumatoid factor in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in acommunity hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study.PLACE & DURATION OF STUDY: Subjects were recruited from Fatima Memorial Hospital,Rheumatology Outpatient Department from January, 2010 to December, 2010. The research work wasconducted at Department of Physiology and Cell Biology of University of Health Sciences, Lahore.SUBJECTS & METHODS: Eighty diagnosed patients of rheumatoid arthritis and thirty normalhealthy controls were included in the study. After selection of subjects, written informed consent wasobtained. The venous blood sample was taken and secured in vacutainers. Serum was extracted bycentrifugation and stored at -20°C till analysis. Titers of anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor weredetermined by ELISA. The data obtained was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0.RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of serum anti-CCP was found to be 58.6% and 86.7%respectively as compared to 47.5% and 83.3% for serum rheumatoid factor (RF) in diagnosingrheumatoid arthritis. Sensitivity of anti-CCP antibody in RF negative sub-group was 32.1%.CONCLUSION: Serum anti-CCP antibody is more sensitive and specific marker for diagnosis ofrheumatoid arthritis as compared to the rheumatoid factor.KEY WORDS: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anti- Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACCP), Rheumatoid Factor
Aim: To investigate serum estradiol levels during first trimester. Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted on pregnant women between 18 to 35 years of age presenting during first trimester in obstetric unit of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Ultrasonography was done to confirm the viability of fetus. 53 women with nonviable pregnancy were included Group 1 and 28 women with viable fetus and no complication were included in Group 2. Those having any systemic illness or history of estrogen intake were excluded. Using aseptic measures, venous blood samples were taken, and serum was separated. Serum estradiol levels were measured by using immunoenzymometric assay (EIA). Median serum Estradiol levels were compared. Receiver operative characteristics (ROC) curve was plotted. Results: Median serum estradiol levels of women with viable pregnancy 150.49 ng/mL (71.01-393.75) were significantly higher than abortion group 9.96ng/mL (2.87-37.7). A cut off value 47.9ng/ml of serum estradiol is 82% sensitive and 81% specific for a viable pregnancy. Conclusion: Optimal serum estradiol levels are necessary for viability of pregnancy. Keywords: Estradiol, pregnancy, abortion, first trimester, early pregnancy failure.
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