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Abstract:The paper reports the effects of pulse voltage amplitude on streamer discharge propagation at water surface. The subsequent chemical processes in a reactor following the surface discharges with different voltages are presented. A pulsed power modulator (PPM) system equipped with a control unit was employed to generate 0-25 kV pulses at 500 Hz. A point-plane electrode configuration was used for experiments, with the point electrode placed with 1 mm gap from the water surface in atmospheric air, and plane ground submerged with 30 mm gap in water. The streamer length at water surface was significantly influenced by the pulse voltage amplitude. Colorimetric measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and treatment of indigo carmine organic dye solution were carried out to elucidate the chemical processes produced at various pulse voltages. The experimental results reveal that the applied voltage is a factor that greatly affects water surface discharges and their chemical processes.

Microalgae have evolved into a promising sustainable source of a wide range of compounds, including protein, carbohydrates, biomass, vitamins, animal feed, and cosmetic products. The process of extraction of intracellular composites in the microalgae industry is largely determined by the microalgal species, cultivation methods, cell wall disruption techniques, and extraction strategies. Various techniques have been applied to disrupt the cell wall and recover the intracellular molecules from microalgae, including non-mechanical, mechanical, and combined methods. A comprehensive understanding of the cell disruption processes in each method is essential to improve the efficiency of current technologies and further development of new methods in this field. In this review, an overview of microalgal cell disruption techniques and an analysis of their performance and challenges are provided. A number of studies on cell disruption and microalgae extraction are examined in order to highlight the key challenges facing the field of microalgae and their future prospects. In addition, the amount of product recovery for each species of microalgae and the important parameters for each technique are discussed. Finally, pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted treatments, which are becoming an attractive option due to their simplicity and effectiveness in extracting microalgae compounds, are discussed in detail.

Water quality improvement and collecting safe water are two of the paramount concerns in today's world. Numerous water treatment and pollutant removal processes are introduced that vary with the type of pollutants. Among the proposed pollutant degradation methods, pulsed power is one of the effective methods that can be applied not only to degrade a wide range of contaminants but also to address the environmental issues associated with water treatment chemicals. The effectiveness of the pulsed power technology in water treatment was studied for a wide range of pollutants including microorganisms, nutrient pollution, emerging pollutants, and organic pollutants. This paper presents a review of pulsed power systems developed for organic and inorganic pollutants degradation in different water treatment applications. Also, it presents the effectiveness of several factors like the electrical characteristics of the pulse voltages and treatment time on degradation rates of different pollutants.

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